Wednesday, May 9, 2012

VOA News: Africa: Military Spokesman Insists Uganda not Meddling in Sudan Conflict

VOA News: Africa
Africa Voice of America
Military Spokesman Insists Uganda not Meddling in Sudan Conflict
May 10th 2012, 05:54

The spokesman for Uganda's People's Defense Forces (UPDF) said his country is not trying to get involved in tensions between Sudan and South Sudan.

Colonel Felix Kulayigye said any intervention in the affairs of a neighboring country would be contrary to Uganda's peacekeeping role in Somalia.

He said allegations Uganda is supporting Sudanese rebels are a ploy to deflect attention from what he calls Khartoum's own internal contradictions.

"Our military does not have any reason to interfere in Sudan.  We have been actually asking the two sides -- both Sudan and South Sudan -- to solve their problems amicably; that shows you we treasure peaceful co-existence," he said.

Khartoum had accused Kampala of giving assistance to Justice and Equality Movement rebels, who have been fighting Sudan for almost a decade.

Kulayigye said it is impossible for Uganda to harbor Sudanese rebels, as alleged by Khartoum, because Uganda has no borders with north Sudan.

"We have always accommodated refugees from our neighbors in accordance with the UN Charter.  However, we have no rebels here against Sudan.  After all, we have no border with Sudan.  So, how can we harbor anybody?" Kulayigye said.

He said Khartoum has used its accusations of foreign interference to gain domestic and international sympathy.

"The Khartoum regime has been running propaganda against Kampala since May last year.  How can anyone in their sober mind say Uganda has banked $2 billion to the rebels?  And, I would think maybe they have their own contradictions and, therefore, they must portray, or present, an external enemy, so as to get internal unity," he said.

Kulayigye said Uganda has more oil than South Sudan, in response to allegations Kampala might be supporting South Sudan in its current conflict with the north for South Sudan's oil.

He accused Khartoum of resuming support for Uganda's Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) rebels.

"Last month, we captured an LRA officer dressed in [a] brand new uniform, and he told us they had been supplied by Khartoum.  And, since they do not manufacture clothes in Central African Republic, we have no reason to doubt this officer," Kulayigye said.

Kulayigye's comments followed remarks this week by Security Minister Wilson Muruli Mukasa that Uganda is ready to deal with any attacks, if the war between Sudan and South Sudan spills over into Uganda.

Mukasa was quoted in the government-owned New Vision newspaper as saying that Uganda is already losing a lot in bilateral trade because of the ongoing conflict since South Sudan, one of its main trading partners.

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VOA News: Asia: Rescuers in Indonesia Locate Wreckage of Russian Jetliner

VOA News: Asia
Asia Voice of America
Rescuers in Indonesia Locate Wreckage of Russian Jetliner
May 10th 2012, 04:27

Indonesian rescue helicopters have spotted the wreckage of a Russian jetliner that disappeared Wednesday during a demonstration flight with up to 50 people on board.

Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said the crashed Sukhoi Superjet 100 was found Thursday on the edge of Mount Salak, a volcanic mountain range south of the capital, Jakarta.

"The airplane crashed at the edge of Mount Salak. I have spoken directly to our officer in the field. It was around 1.5 kilometers from the informed point of scene. An investigation must be done immediately and thoroughly. Search and rescue operations must prioritize finding people on board," he said.

There was no immediate word on the the fate of the passengers.

Bad weather had hampered the search for the plane, which took off from Jakarta's Halim Airport shortly after 2 p.m. local time Wednesday. It was expected to return in less than an hour. But the plane dropped altitude from 3,000 to 1,800 meters and lost contact with air traffic control around Mount Salak, which is 2,200 meters high.

Indonesia's transport ministry said the 100-seat new passenger plane built by Russia in a move to boost its civil aviation industry, was on the second of two demonstration flights when it disappeared in the remote Bogor region. The people on board were all invited guests and included Indonesian airline and aviation executives, eight Russian crew members and five local journalists.

Russia has high hopes for its Superjet, which it believes would become an influential player in the global aviation market.

The Itar-Tass news agency said the newly-minted plane recently performed demonstrations in Central and South Asia, including flights in Kazakhstan, Pakistan and Burma and had logged about 6,500 hours of flight time since its 2008 maiden launch.

The jetliner is currently in use with Russia's largest carrier, Aeroflot, and the Armenian carrier, Armavia.

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VOA News: USA: Americans React to Obama's Same-Sex Marriage Stance

VOA News: USA
USA Voice of America
Americans React to Obama's Same-Sex Marriage Stance
May 10th 2012, 01:49

Reaction to President Obama's statement supporting same-sex marriage was swift in the nation's capital.

On the streets of Washington, passersby voiced strong opinions about America's first-ever presidential endorsement of marriage rights for gays and lesbians.

"I support marriage equality, so I was very happy.  It should be a universal right that you can love whoever you want to love and get the same benefits as somebody else, regardless of your genitalia," said web designer Kate Brown:

By contrast, Washington resident Rupert Moreno says he has many gay friends, but does not support their right to marry. "I think that is an aberration. If you go that route, then the next step will be people doing polygamy. How about that?  Why not also allow marriage between one man and a few women?  Three?  How do you like that?  Or four or five?," he said.

Advocacy groups weighed in quickly.  The socially-conservative Family Research Council called President Obama's announcement "disappointing but not surprising," and predicted that same-sex marriage will be "a major issue" in this year's presidential election.

Gay rights groups applauded Obama.

"It is a tremendous day.  The president coming out and pledging his full support for marriage equality really shows a great amount of leadership," said Michael Cole-Schwartz of the Human Rights Campaign

He says he was elated when he heard the news. "I think there is something tremendously powerful when the leader of, not just our country, but the leader of the free world goes on television and says, 'I value all families'.  I think gay and lesbian families need the same protections.  And I think about the gay kid growing up somewhere in this country who has heard his president say he can have that dream that everyone else shares of one day growing up and getting married.  I think it sends a tremendously positive signal," Cole-Schwartz said.

Recent public opinion surveys show a slight majority of Americans favor same-sex marriage.  Only a few years ago, public opinion was decidedly opposed.

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VOA News: Africa: Malawi Finance Minister Rejects Resignation Demands

VOA News: Africa
Africa Voice of America
Malawi Finance Minister Rejects Resignation Demands
May 9th 2012, 23:40

Malawi's finance minister Ken Lipenga has dismissed resignation demands by opposition groups. They accuse him of willfully misleading parliament over the state of the economy. Lipenga said the accusations are politically motivated by opponents to force him out of office.

"The fact is that I did not lie to parliament. The information that I presented to parliament was information that was presented to me using the normal system from the officials. At the time to the best of my knowledge, it was the correct information to present to parliament," said Lipenga.

Deception accusation

The opposition accused Lipenga of lying to the nation when he told a recent parliament budget review session that the government's "Zero-Deficit Budget" policy (which relies on funds collected from taxes) was a success.

Deceased President Bingu wa Mutharika introduced the Zero-Deficit Budget after donors suspended their financial support -- about 40 percent of Malawi's budget.

Parliamentarian George Mnesa accused the finance minister of deception after Lipenga said the Malawi Revenue Authority (MRA) collected more than projected revenues of $60million.

Resignation demands

Citing evidence, Mnesa contends that figures the finance minister presented were inflated. He charged that the MRA borrowed from commercial banks in a bid to convince citizens that the government was making progress toward fulfilling the zero-deficit budget.

He demanded that the minister and anyone involved in the alleged deception immediately resign.

But, in an interview with VOA, finance minister Lipenga insisted the information he presented to parliament was truthful.

"What I am emphatically stating is that I did not knowingly mislead the national assembly. I did not knowingly present false information to parliament; therefore, in my view there is no basis for the calls," said Lipenga.

Analysts say the late President Mutharika appointed Lipenga last September when preparations for the review at the finance ministry had begun.

Lipenga insists he did his best to present accurate information to the legislature.

"I had chosen to tell the truth. Previously, I did not have any other information, and it took me sometime to realize that some of the information that I had…were of dubious origin. Therefore, at the time I maintained my integrity and presented facts as I understood them," continued Lipenga.

"Here they gave me figures that they collected I thought in the normal way and my duty was to present these figures the way I understood them at the time to be correct to the national assembly."

Lipenga said accusations of deception leveled against him by the opposition as well as a section of the population are unjustified.

Kwacha devaluation

Monetary authorities devalued the country's currency, the kwacha, against the U.S. dollar by nearly 50 percent as part of several of measures to restore donor funding.  The move is expected to boost exports by making Malawi-made goods cheaper to buy, but will also likely make fuel and other imported goods more expensive for the average Malawian.

Exporters and commercial farmers who trade in dollars are hailing the move. But opponents called the move a terrible policy forced down the throats of Malawians by the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Lipenga admits the controversy surrounding the currency devaluation but insists the government is implementing measures to cushion the negative impact on the poor. He denied the IMF forced Malawi to devalue its currency.

"It's important to underline that it's not a measure that has been imposed on us from outside by the IMF," said Lipenga.

"There was a misalignment and distortions in our economy. We had stuck to a fixed rate for a very long time, and there was no justification for it in terms of how the economy was performing. And there are very few economies in the world today that can justify the fixed rate system."

Meanwhile, information minister Moses Kunkuyu says after a thorough investigation into the controversy the government will soon make its position known.

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VOA News: USA: Giant of US Foreign Policy to Depart Senate

VOA News: USA
USA Voice of America
Giant of US Foreign Policy to Depart Senate
May 9th 2012, 23:14

The U.S. Senate is losing its longest-serving Republican and a senior statesman. Senator Richard Lugar of Indiana lost a primary election to fellow Republican Richard Mourdock, who was backed by the conservative Tea Party movement. For more than three decades, Lugar helped forge bipartisan consensus on critical foreign policy matters, most notably nuclear arms control.

A globetrotter who left his mark in Europe, Asia and beyond, Richard Lugar expressed no regrets over his Senate career, which will end in January.

"I am proud of the solutions we have brought to problems over the years and the initiatives we have undertaken to build Indiana and to protect our country," Lugar said.

A six-term senator and the top Republican on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Lugar is best-known for co-sponsoring a 1991 program that helped former Soviet states eliminate thousands of nuclear weapons.

"That was the beginning of what has led to the dismantling of well over 60 percent of the warheads literally taken off the missiles pointed at the United States, the destruction of well over 60 percent of all the missiles, of the silos in which the missiles are based, of all the ground work," Lugar said.

Cngressional observer Thomas Mann says Lugar's departure will leave a void in the Senate.

"They are losing a respected foreign policy leader, and they are losing someone who is not instinctively engaged in tribal politics between the parties," Mann said.

Although a staunch conservative, Lugar did not shy from criticizing the former Bush administration over its response to the 2001 terrorist attacks.

"We are worried about terrorism, but the evolution of national security policy has not kept up with the threat. We have relied heavily on military options and unilateral approaches that weakened our alliances," Lugar said.

Lugar lost a primary election Tuesday, which means he can not run as the Republican candidate in November. His opponent, Richard Mourdock, portrayed him as a member of Washington's political establishment and attacked Lugar's willingness to seek common ground with Democrats.  

A day after Lugar's defeat, Democratic senators paid tribute to him as a consensus-builder in an institution increasingly paralyzed by partisanship. Foreign Relations Committee Chairman John Kerry:

"He was serious, he was thoughtful, and he refused to allow this march to an orthodoxy about ideology and partisan politics to get in the way of what he thought was the responsibility of a senator, and, indeed, the need of the country to have people come together and find common ground," Kerry said.

Lugar says he hopes to remain engaged in world affairs and to continue to serve the nation.

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VOA News: Europe: Greece Leftists Abandon Efforts to Form Government

VOA News: Europe
Europe Voice of America
Greece Leftists Abandon Efforts to Form Government
May 9th 2012, 23:12

Greek far left leader Alexis Tsipras has abandoned his efforts to form a new government after Sunday's parliamentary elections ended in a deadlock.

Tsipras said Wednesday he could not get enough support in parliament to make what he calls his dream of a left wing government come true.

Tsipras called on the conservative and socialist parties to renounce their support for deep spending cuts as demanded by the European Union bailouts.

He said the Greek voters nullified the international loan agreement.

The conservative New Democracy party also failed to find enough backing this week to form a new government. The mandate now goes to the socialist PASOK party. If it also fails, Greece will have to hold new elections.

New Democracy won the most parliamentary seats in Sunday's election, followed by Tsipras' Radical Left and PASOK. But no party won enough seats to be able to put together a new government on its own.

Nervous European leaders are pressuring Greece to carry through with the economic austerity plans imposed on Athens in return for more than $300 billion in two bailouts.

Media files:
Greece_Tsipras480.jpg (image/jpeg, 0.1 MB)
Greece_Tsipras300.jpg
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VOA News: Europe: Analysis: In Putin's Third Term, US-Russian 'Reset' Revisited

VOA News: Europe
Europe Voice of America
Analysis: In Putin's Third Term, US-Russian 'Reset' Revisited
May 9th 2012, 21:15

Russia Wednesday marked the 67th anniversary of the end of World War II, and this year's Soviet-style military parade on Red Square was held under the watchful eye of President Vladimir Putin, back in the Kremlin for a third term.

Addressing the newly inaugurated president as "Comrade Commander-in-Chief," Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov declared the troops amassed on Red Square ready for the parade.

Putin, flanked by his handpicked predecessor and newly confirmed Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, then watched as more than 14,000 troops and military hardware passed by.

In a brief speech, the president said the lessons of the Second World War remain relevant.

He said only strict adherence to international norms and respect for national sovereignty can guarantee that tragedies of past wars will not be repeated. He also asserted the country's moral right to defend its international position because, in his words, Russia took Nazism's main blow upon itself, [then] crushed the enemy and brought about the liberation of the peoples of the world.

In one of his first acts following his inauguration Monday, Putin signed a decree stating that U.S.-Russian relations must be based on "equality, non-interference in internal affairs and respect for mutual interests." He also called for "firm guarantees" that a planned NATO missile shield would not be aimed against Russia.

But what does Putin's return to power mean for the "reset" of U.S.-Russian relations announced by the administration of U.S. President Barack Obama in early 2009?

Masha Lipman of the Carnegie Moscow Center said the reset has had "undoubted achievements," including a new strategic arms reduction treaty and an agreement allowing supplies for U.S. troops in Afghanistan to transit Russia.

But, she said, with Putin back in the Kremlin it is unlikely the U.S.-Russian relationship will move from cooperation on a limited number of specific issues towards a "constructive partnership."

"[Putin] has a sense that he shares with a majority in Russia that America would take advantage of Russia at every opportunity, that America is there to weaken Russia, do harm to Russia, take it for granted," she said. "And I don't think with Putin in power this distrust can be overcome."

Fyodor Lukyanov, editor of Russia in Global Affairs magazine, also said Putin strongly distrusts the United States, but added that his foreign policy, across the board, is likely to be "conservative."

"Putin sees the world as an extremely dangerous, unpredictable, chaotic and uncontrollable place, in which any action can have incomprehensible and uncontrollable consequences," he said, indicating that he thinks caution will be the Russian president's watchword.

Pavel Baev, a research professor at the Peace Research Institute in Oslo, Norway, said a mounting showdown between the government and Russian opposition could exacerbate tensions with the United States and other Western countries.

"This sort of development objectively puts Putin on the course of a kind of self-isolation [and] greater tension with the West, because, for the West, opposition forces in Russia [are] something very sympathetic," he said. "For Putin, it is a mortal enemy with which he can fight, with which he will fight, tooth and nail. Putin will have to use every instrument at his disposal, including presenting the whole thing as a plot by the West and the United States in particular."

Tuesday the U.S. State Department said it was troubled by images of Russian riot police mistreating protestors during Sunday's large anti-government demonstration and by the subsequent arrests of opposition activists. The State Department said it is also concerned by reports of violence perpetrated against law enforcement by a small group of protesters.

U.S. and Russian leaders are expected to meet on the sidelines of the Group of Eight summit that U.S. President Barack Obama will host at his presidential retreat at Camp David, Maryland, later this month.

Media files:
AP_Putin_480_9may12.JPG (image/jpeg, 0.1 MB)
2301738.jpg
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VOA News: USA: Tyler Environmental Prize Winners: Pollution's Effects Far-Reaching

VOA News: USA
USA Voice of America
Tyler Environmental Prize Winners: Pollution's Effects Far-Reaching
May 9th 2012, 21:26

Two California scientists have been honored for their research into air pollution, outdoor and indoor.  This year's winners of the $200,000 Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement, John Seinfeld and Kirk Smith, have shown the far-reaching nature of the problem.

Nearly half of the world's people use biomass fuels such as wood or dried dung to cook their food, and many cook indoors.  

Professor Kirk Smith of the University of California, Berkeley studies environmental impacts on human health, and wondered about the impact of smoke on the families.  In the early 1980s he was studying energy use in rural Asia.  

"And during that time, I noted the very smoky conditions in village households," said Smith. "I came back and I thought, well somebody must have looked at the health effects of this, and I could find nothing in the literature.  My students and I looked.  So we did some back-of-the-envelop calculations to figure roughly what kind of air pollution levels might exist, and we could not believe the results of our simple models."

Later measurements confirmed the estimates: household cooking produces as much smoke as 1,000 cigarettes burning per hour.  His studies show that this leads to nearly two-million premature deaths a year, especially among women and children, and the emissions contribute to climate change.  

Air pollution in one part of the world affects the air in another, says the other recipient of this year's Tyler Prize, John Seinfeld of the California Institute of Technology.

"Emissions from Asia will make it across the Pacific, will be in the air over the United States, and even in some cases be tracked out over the Atlantic heading to Europe," said Seinfeld. "And so you can think of the northern hemisphere as a big backyard."

He says the southern hemisphere has the same mixing, and there is long-term interaction between the hemispheres.

Seinfeld says natural and man-made substances interact.

"Every particle in the air anywhere on earth is a little kitchen sink of compounds that come from everywhere," he said. "So I got interested in understanding what this was, and it was very clear the atmosphere is just a big reactor."

He says the interactions are complicated.  Human-produced greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide are warming the atmosphere.  Other man-made and natural substances can accelerate the process, or sometimes slow it. "  The compounds they produce can be harmful to human health.

The scientists say environmental research requires careful measurement.  In Guatemala, India, China, and other countries, Kirk Smith has overseen studies to measure household emissions and assess the long-term effects on those exposed to smoke from cooking.  

Research teams are also assessing the effectiveness of low-pollution stoves, and Smith foresees widespread use of that technology when the results are in.  He notes that many devices being distributed by non-profit organizations have not been fully tested.

"The motto of my research group is, you do not get what you expect, you get what you inspect," he said. "So it looks good, but we have to inspect before we can know what to expect."

He sees the financial burden being shared, as it is now in parts of China, where one third of the cost of a stove is paid by the family that uses it, one third by provincial authorities and one third with credits from the international carbon market.

He says stoves that are proven to be effective at reducing emissions will benefit families and communities and help to clear the air around the world.

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VOA News: Asia: Intelligence Ties Helped Thwart Bomb Plot

VOA News: Asia
Asia Voice of America
Intelligence Ties Helped Thwart Bomb Plot
May 9th 2012, 21:18

The prize that every intelligence agency seeks against an adversary is to place an agent inside the enemy's ranks to provide information and even disrupt plans. That appears to be just what Saudi and U.S. intelligence did to al-Qaida's most lethal franchise, al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula, or AQAP.

According to media reports, the man recruited by al-Qaida to carry a new, more sophisticated version of the so-called "underwear bomb" onto an airliner was a double agent working for Saudi intelligence with the backing of the CIA.  The agent, who remains unidentified - left Yemen to give the bomb to Saudi and U.S. intelligence officers.

Former CIA director Michael Hayden says such operations are extraordinarily difficult and time-consuming to execute.

"You've got to establish networks; you've got to establish penetrations," Hayden says. "That takes great patience. I think what seeing the results of the past few days, what we're now seeing, is the fruition of efforts that began several years back to become as masterful in the Arabian Peninsula, becoming as masterful in Yemen, against al-Qaida as we've become in South Asia."

In such operations, the CIA must often rely on intelligence partners who know the territory and have people who can blend in more easily. Sebastian Gorka, a military affairs fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, says Saudi intelligence has not always been such a reliable partner, especially in the years immediately following the Sept. 11, 2001 al-Qaida attacks in the United States.  But, he says, al-Qaida pushed the two countries' spy agencies into closer cooperation when it started attacking targets in Saudi Arabia.

"For the first few years, they really promised much but delivered little,"Gorka says.  "And this is understandable given how many high-level members of the government and of the Saudi elite were actually sympathetic to Osama bin Laden and to other fundamentalist organizations.  The sea change came in '04,'05, and '06, when al-Qaida decided to actually target directly the Saudi security forces."

The Saudi leadership was furious, especially the deputy interior minister and counterterrorism chief, Prince Mohammad bin Nayef, says former CIA chief Hayden.

"This all became job number one for Prince Mohammad in 2003, 2004, when al-Qaida violated an implicit ceasefire in the kingdom and began to conduct attacks in Saudi Arabia, killing Westerners, much, much, much angering the king and his security services, and at which point Mohammad bin Nayef, or MBN as we know him, began a very aggressive campaign against al-Qaida in Saudi Arabia," Hayden says

The Saudi crackdown led to many al-Qaida leaders fleeing south across the porous border to Yemen, where they formed AQAP.  Former FBI agent Ali Soufan, author of a book, "The Black Banner," about his role as an undercover agent against al-Qaida, says AQAP has become the most lethal of all the al-Qaida franchises.

"What makes Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula special is that these individuals and members, core members of the group, were actually the closest version of bin Laden's al-Qaida that we have today in the world," Soufan says.  "There's many al-Qaidas, and they are connected with each other and work with each other.  But many of them joined al-Qaida after 9-11.  But Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula were people who were members of al-Qaida who worked for bin Laden, who trained in al-Qaida training camps."

And Yemen, Soufan points out, is literally in Saudi Arabia's backyard.

"There's a lot of historic relationships, tribal relationships, family relationships even with those who are Yemeni members of the AQAP and people of Saudi Arabia,"Soufan says. "So the Saudis will be in a very good position, if they wanted to, to do an operation like this."

Former CIA chief Michael Hayden says the recent political upheaval in Yemen has given AQAP more room to operate.

"Although we appear to be successful going after leadership, we often know there are swaths of Yemeni territory now that appear to be under Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula control and villages that are flying the black AQ flag,"Hayden says.  "So we're far from being done here."

Counterterrorism, says Ali Soufan, cannot afford to make mistakes.

"We know from the history of al-Qaida that they will keep repeating the plot again and again and again until they are successful," the former FBI agent says.  "We have to be successful 100 percent of the time.  They have to be only successful once, and they will have a great impact."

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VOA News: Middle East: Intelligence Ties Helped Thwart Bomb Plot

VOA News: Middle East
Middle East Voice of America
Intelligence Ties Helped Thwart Bomb Plot
May 9th 2012, 21:18

The prize that every intelligence agency seeks against an adversary is to place an agent inside the enemy's ranks to provide information and even disrupt plans. That appears to be just what Saudi and U.S. intelligence did to al-Qaida's most lethal franchise, al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula, or AQAP.

According to media reports, the man recruited by al-Qaida to carry a new, more sophisticated version of the so-called "underwear bomb" onto an airliner was a double agent working for Saudi intelligence with the backing of the CIA.  The agent, who remains unidentified - left Yemen to give the bomb to Saudi and U.S. intelligence officers.

Former CIA director Michael Hayden says such operations are extraordinarily difficult and time-consuming to execute.

"You've got to establish networks; you've got to establish penetrations," Hayden says. "That takes great patience. I think what seeing the results of the past few days, what we're now seeing, is the fruition of efforts that began several years back to become as masterful in the Arabian Peninsula, becoming as masterful in Yemen, against al-Qaida as we've become in South Asia."

In such operations, the CIA must often rely on intelligence partners who know the territory and have people who can blend in more easily. Sebastian Gorka, a military affairs fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, says Saudi intelligence has not always been such a reliable partner, especially in the years immediately following the Sept. 11, 2001 al-Qaida attacks in the United States.  But, he says, al-Qaida pushed the two countries' spy agencies into closer cooperation when it started attacking targets in Saudi Arabia.

"For the first few years, they really promised much but delivered little,"Gorka says.  "And this is understandable given how many high-level members of the government and of the Saudi elite were actually sympathetic to Osama bin Laden and to other fundamentalist organizations.  The sea change came in '04,'05, and '06, when al-Qaida decided to actually target directly the Saudi security forces."

The Saudi leadership was furious, especially the deputy interior minister and counterterrorism chief, Prince Mohammad bin Nayef, says former CIA chief Hayden.

"This all became job number one for Prince Mohammad in 2003, 2004, when al-Qaida violated an implicit ceasefire in the kingdom and began to conduct attacks in Saudi Arabia, killing Westerners, much, much, much angering the king and his security services, and at which point Mohammad bin Nayef, or MBN as we know him, began a very aggressive campaign against al-Qaida in Saudi Arabia," Hayden says

The Saudi crackdown led to many al-Qaida leaders fleeing south across the porous border to Yemen, where they formed AQAP.  Former FBI agent Ali Soufan, author of a book, "The Black Banner," about his role as an undercover agent against al-Qaida, says AQAP has become the most lethal of all the al-Qaida franchises.

"What makes Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula special is that these individuals and members, core members of the group, were actually the closest version of bin Laden's al-Qaida that we have today in the world," Soufan says.  "There's many al-Qaidas, and they are connected with each other and work with each other.  But many of them joined al-Qaida after 9-11.  But Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula were people who were members of al-Qaida who worked for bin Laden, who trained in al-Qaida training camps."

And Yemen, Soufan points out, is literally in Saudi Arabia's backyard.

"There's a lot of historic relationships, tribal relationships, family relationships even with those who are Yemeni members of the AQAP and people of Saudi Arabia,"Soufan says. "So the Saudis will be in a very good position, if they wanted to, to do an operation like this."

Former CIA chief Michael Hayden says the recent political upheaval in Yemen has given AQAP more room to operate.

"Although we appear to be successful going after leadership, we often know there are swaths of Yemeni territory now that appear to be under Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula control and villages that are flying the black AQ flag,"Hayden says.  "So we're far from being done here."

Counterterrorism, says Ali Soufan, cannot afford to make mistakes.

"We know from the history of al-Qaida that they will keep repeating the plot again and again and again until they are successful," the former FBI agent says.  "We have to be successful 100 percent of the time.  They have to be only successful once, and they will have a great impact."

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VOA News: USA: Obama: Same-Sex Couples Should Be Able to Marry

VOA News: USA
USA Voice of America
Obama: Same-Sex Couples Should Be Able to Marry
May 9th 2012, 20:48

U.S. President Barack Obama now says he believes same-sex couples should be allowed to get married, opening up a potentially divisive issue before the upcoming presidential election.

The president made the comment Wednesday in a TV interview with the ABC News network. Obama previously had stopped short of supporting marriage between people of the same sex, saying his views on the issue were evolving.

The president said in the interview that "for me personally, it is important for me to affirm that I think same-sex couples should be able to get married." Obama also told ABC this is a personal position and that he arrived at his conclusion over the course of several years after discussing the issue with family and friends.

The president's remarks come one day after voters in the southern U.S. state of North Carolina approved a state constitutional amendment that defines marriage as the union between a man and a woman. The vote changes the state's constitution to say that "marriage between one man and one woman is the only domestic legal union that shall be valid or recognized" in the state. North Carolina law already bans homosexual marriage.

On Sunday, Vice President Joe Biden said on U.S. television [NBC's Meet the Press program] that he is "absolutely comfortable" with same-sex marriage.

A new Gallup public opinion survey shows that 50 percent of Americans believe same sex marriages should be recognized by law as valid.  Last month, the Washington-based Pew Research Center released a survey stating that 47 percent of Americans favored gay marriage, while 43 percent opposed it.

Iowa, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York and Vermont, plus the District of Columbia, allow same-sex marriages. The state of Washington also has legalized gay marriage. That law takes effect in June, unless a legal challenge stops it.

In March, a measure legalizing same sex-marriage was signed into law in Maryland. The law is scheduled to go into effect next January, but opponents say they will gather signatures to bring the issue to a referendum in November, giving voters a chance to define marriage in Maryland.

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VOA News: USA: US Administration Renews Push to Ratify Law of Sea Treaty

VOA News: USA
USA Voice of America
US Administration Renews Push to Ratify Law of Sea Treaty
May 9th 2012, 20:49

The Obama administration is beginning a new push to get the U.S. Senate to approve the 1982 United Nations Law of the Sea treaty. Administration officials said the pact is necessary to protect the U.S. Navy's right to carry out exercises off the coast of China.  

U.S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta told U.S. lawmakers and others meeting on the treaty Wednesday in Washington that it is time for the United States to ratify the 30-year-old pact, which sets rules on navigation and exclusive economic zones.

Panetta said the treaty will ensure that U.S. warships, commercial vessels and aircraft have access to go where needed.

"The time has come for the United States to have a seat at the table. The time has come for the United States to fully assert its role as a global leader and accede to this important treaty," Panetta said. "IIt is the bedrock legal instrument underpinning public order across the maritime domain.  We are the only permanent member of the U.N. Security Council that is not a party to it."

The Obama administration says that ratifying the pact will protect the U.S. Navy's right to conduct exercises in waters near China, where Chinese ships in the past have harassed U.S. vessels.

China, which is a party to the treaty, claims control over its exclusive economic zone that extends about 370 kilometers from its coast and can therefore ban foreign navies from conducting exercises in the area.  The United States says no such control exists beyond about 22 kilometers from the coast.

The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Army General Martin Dempsey, said Washington believes that being part of the Law of the Sea treaty will help bridge international differences. "The convention gives us another tool to effectively resolve conflicts at every level.  It provides a common language, and therefore a better opportunity, to settle disputes with cooperation instead of cannons," he said.

U.S. ratification of the convention has been held up over concerns among some congressional leaders who warn that the treaty threatens U.S. sovereignty and gives the United Nations too much control over oil and other mineral rights.  Treaty opponents say ratifying the pact will not cause China to change its maritime claims.

The U.S. push to approve the treaty comes as the Pentagon focuses new attention on China's military buildup and its expanding influence in the Asia-Pacific region. Washington has also been paying close attention to a dispute that has been escalating between Beijing and the Philippines over an island in the South China Sea.

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VOA News: Europe: France's Hollande to Focus on Growth Rather Than Austerity

VOA News: Europe
Europe Voice of America
France's Hollande to Focus on Growth Rather Than Austerity
May 9th 2012, 20:43

French President-elect Francois Hollande has begun talks with EU leaders on his plans to refocus European policy on growth.

Hollande met with EU President Herman Van Rompuy at the Socialist leader's party headquarters in Paris. There was no statement after the meeting.

Hollande is also set to have talks with the head of the Europgroup of eurozone finance ministers, Luxembourg Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker, on Thursday.

The talks are expected to center on the new French leader's promise to reopen talks on the EU's fiscal austerity pact, calling for negotiations on pro-growth measures rather than simply imposing deficit-cutting austerity rules.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel has said she will not renegotiate the pact, which she spearheaded along with outgoing French president Nicolas Sarkozy.

Hollande's challenge to austerity follows political turmoil in Greece after voters overwhelmingly rejected mainstream candidates supporting unpopular cuts in social spending aimed at securing bailouts to avoid a default.

Media files:
AP_Hollande_480.jpg (image/jpeg, 0 MB)
AP_Hollande_300.jpg
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VOA News: Asia: US Administration Renews Push to Ratify Law of Sea Treaty

VOA News: Asia
Asia Voice of America
US Administration Renews Push to Ratify Law of Sea Treaty
May 9th 2012, 20:49

The Obama administration is beginning a new push to get the U.S. Senate to approve the 1982 United Nations Law of the Sea treaty. Administration officials said the pact is necessary to protect the U.S. Navy's right to carry out exercises off the coast of China.  

U.S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta told U.S. lawmakers and others meeting on the treaty Wednesday in Washington that it is time for the United States to ratify the 30-year-old pact, which sets rules on navigation and exclusive economic zones.

Panetta said the treaty will ensure that U.S. warships, commercial vessels and aircraft have access to go where needed.

"The time has come for the United States to have a seat at the table. The time has come for the United States to fully assert its role as a global leader and accede to this important treaty," Panetta said. "IIt is the bedrock legal instrument underpinning public order across the maritime domain.  We are the only permanent member of the U.N. Security Council that is not a party to it."

The Obama administration says that ratifying the pact will protect the U.S. Navy's right to conduct exercises in waters near China, where Chinese ships in the past have harassed U.S. vessels.

China, which is a party to the treaty, claims control over its exclusive economic zone that extends about 370 kilometers from its coast and can therefore ban foreign navies from conducting exercises in the area.  The United States says no such control exists beyond about 22 kilometers from the coast.

The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Army General Martin Dempsey, said Washington believes that being part of the Law of the Sea treaty will help bridge international differences. "The convention gives us another tool to effectively resolve conflicts at every level.  It provides a common language, and therefore a better opportunity, to settle disputes with cooperation instead of cannons," he said.

U.S. ratification of the convention has been held up over concerns among some congressional leaders who warn that the treaty threatens U.S. sovereignty and gives the United Nations too much control over oil and other mineral rights.  Treaty opponents say ratifying the pact will not cause China to change its maritime claims.

The U.S. push to approve the treaty comes as the Pentagon focuses new attention on China's military buildup and its expanding influence in the Asia-Pacific region. Washington has also been paying close attention to a dispute that has been escalating between Beijing and the Philippines over an island in the South China Sea.

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