Wednesday, March 28, 2012

VOA News: Africa: Economists Say Africa’s Foreign Debt Fuels Capital Flight

VOA News: Africa
Africa Voice of America
Economists Say Africa's Foreign Debt Fuels Capital Flight
Mar 29th 2012, 01:35

New research suggests that mismanaged funds from foreign loans amount to more money than previously believed, according to the Africa Growth Initiative at The Brookings Institution in Washington.

Osita Ogbu, a Brookings visiting fellow and professor of economics at the University of Nigeria, said billions of dollars in debt that Africa has accumulated in its post-colonial era are partially a result of irresponsible foreign lenders.

"Look, it took two to tango.  You knew that you were lending to a regime that was not representative," said Ogbu.  "You piled up debt knowing that the country did not have the capacity to pay.  And, in some instances, you saw part of the money come back to the bank that lent the original money."

Ogbu, who recently moderated a discussion for the book, Africa's Odious Debts: How Foreign Loans and Capital Flight Bled a Continent said the research by the book's authors, LĂ©once Ndikumana and James K. Boyce, highlights how those loans resulted in capital flight throughout Africa.

"In twenty five low-income African countries, from 1970 to 1996, capital flight was $193 billion compared to $178 billion external debt," he said.  "If one dollar came in, eighty cents left in the form of private assets, but the debt remains public."

Ogbu added foreign lenders often knew the money was going to be converted into private assets that would leave the countries rather than go toward the projects they were intended to fund.

"In many instances, the project may not have been executed at all," he said.  "You begin to wonder how does a bank lend money for a project, and will disburse it fully, without even going to provide for that project."

The authors of the book suggest that international law applies to some of these odious debts, as they referred to them, which means the debts could be cancelled.

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VOA News: Africa: Nigerian President’s Remarks Seen Aggravating Boko Haram Threat

VOA News: Africa
Africa Voice of America
Nigerian President's Remarks Seen Aggravating Boko Haram Threat
Mar 29th 2012, 00:41

An official of Nigeria's Bar Association said President Goodluck Jonathan's pronouncement that his government will end the menace of Boko Haram by the middle of this year could worsen the security crisis in the country.

Husseini Hala, vice president of Nigeria's Bar Association in Maiduguri, said Boko Haram militants appear to have intensified their attacks in the region following Jonathan's statement.  Hala said residents in areas the Islamist sect attacks often bear the brunt of the violence.

"We are seriously concerned because they have done nothing and the menace is increasing, because [militants] have been killing people day in, day out," said Hala.  "There are a lot of attacks in Maiduguri [and] they come out and attack the military officers face-to-face."

Critics have accused the government over what they say is the administration's failure to control growing insecurity in northern Nigeria. They said the government's violent crackdown on suspected Boko Haram members in recent months has escalated violence.

But, the administration said the country's security agencies are working hard to contain the security problems by the middle of this year.

Hala said residents in northern Nigeria are expressing concern the Nigerian president's pronouncement irks members of the Islamic sect who, he said, are intensifying attacks on the unarmed population.

"It aggravates it because, before the statement at least, it took two to three days without any attacks.  But, when he uttered this statement, it angered [Boko Haram] and they have been attacking frequently," said Hala.  "What the president has been saying is an empty threat.  He has been saying all these sorts of things but, security wise, no action has been taken."

Some Maiduguri residents have often expressed concern the militant group seems to be gaining momentum following recent attacks in northern Nigeria.  They also accused security agencies of failing to decisively deal with the challenges posed by the militants.

The militant group claims it was behind a series of suicide bombings on Christian targets in northern Nigeria, including a Christmas Day bombing of a Catholic church near Abuja that killed at least 37 people.  Boko Haram also targeted police stations and government buildings.

Hala said there is need for the government to engage the Islamist sect in a dialogue to resolve the security challenges.

"The stance of the elders of Maiduguri and the population is that they should look for a way of dialoguing with the members of the Boko Haram, so that we will have an end to this crisis," said Hala.

Hala said the government should embark on a confidence building measure so residents can help with efforts to combat Boko Haram's security threat.

"The people they appointed said the government is insincere in its move to see that the crisis is settled.  They said, if the government is sincere, they are ready to settle," said Hala.  "This is the view of the people of Borno State.  They said the [government] should negotiate with them to see to the end of the crisis."

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VOA News: Middle East: Turkey Braces for Flood of Syrian Refugees

VOA News: Middle East
Middle East Voice of America
Turkey Braces for Flood of Syrian Refugees
Mar 29th 2012, 00:27

Turkey has seen a spike in the number of refugees coming from Syria as the government assault in neighboring Idlib province intensifies. Turkish authorities are building two new camps and say they are preparing for many more arrivals if Syria descends into full civil war.

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Dump trucks and rollers kick up clouds of dust as workers lay a gravel base across the grounds of a former tobacco factory.

Among the machines roam families of Syrian refugees - the first arrivals. The Islahiye refugee camp in Turkey, a few kilometers from the border - is one of two huge sites being constructed by the Turkish government.  It will house some of the growing number of Syrians fleeing into Turkey to escape Syria's worsening crackdown on anti-government unrest.

The other site for refugees will consist of more permanent containers rather than tents.  It is close to the Oncupinar border crossing - just meters from Syria.

It will eventually house the majority of the estimated 17,000 refugees already in Turkey.

Now they are scattered among several different sites - like Altinozu camp, where VOA spoke to one female refugee who declined to give her name.

"I am from Jisr Al Shughour," she said. "The soldiers kill people when they attack our homes, and they are raping women. When you go out in the streets, anything may happen to you."

Another camp in the nearby village of Apaydin is kept largely secret by the Turkish authorities because it houses some generals who have defected from the army of Syria's President Bashar al-Assad.

At the border town of Yayladagi, VOA spoke to some fighters from the opposition's Free Syrian Army.

They said Assad's forces are launching ferocious assaults on towns in the northern Idlib province. Videos posted online - impossible to verify - appear to back these claims.

"The situation is so terrible there, so terrible, the Assad forces are attacking," said one of the men. "They are attacking Idlib using the entire arsenal of weapons they have against the people. They don't just kill people in the Free Syrian Army. They kill women, children, old men. They don't care if they are civilians."

Many of the refugees may be too young to understand the violence - but they are well-versed in anti-Assad chants.

They are now being moved to the bigger camps four hours away, even farther from home.

The Turkish government says it has little choice - the camps are full and hundreds more refugees are arriving by the day.

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VOA News: USA: White House Confident About Health Care Outcome

VOA News: USA
USA Voice of America
White House Confident About Health Care Outcome
Mar 28th 2012, 23:09

The White House has expressed confidence that the U.S. Supreme Court will uphold President Barack Obama's landmark health care reform law as constitutional.

After the Supreme Court heard the final legal argument on the health care law, a White House news briefing was dominated by questions about whether President Obama is worried that a key provision, or the entire law, could be in jeopardy.

The White House issued a statement strongly defending Solicitor General Donald Verrilli, who argued before the court on Tuesday. Virrilli's performance was criticized as weak by some legal analysts and reporters.

Deputy Press Secretary Josh Earnest called Virrilli "skilled," saying the White House had "complete confidence" in his performance.  

Saying it would be foolish to predict an outcome, based on questions Supreme Court justices asked attorneys, he said the administration remains confident the law will be found constitutional.

"We remain confident that they are going to find the entire thing constitutional, so we are focused on doing controlling what we can control, which is implementing the Affordable Care Act in a way that promptly and efficiently maximizes the benefit for the American people," Earnest said.

Earnest said the White House has no contingency planning underway in case the law is struck down.  But he said President Obama is fully prepared for a "robust" debate on his record on health care versus Republicans and other critics of the law.

President Obama received a briefing on the Supreme Court arguments from White House staff. The court is expected to issue it ruling in June.

As the debate continues over health care, President Obama received some encouraging news from new public opinion polls.

A Quinnipiac University poll showed Obama leading main Republican rivals, former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney and former Pennsylvania senator Rick Santorum, in three major battleground states, Florida, Ohio and Pennsylvania.

A CNN poll showed Obama with a 54 to 43 percent advantage among registered voters over Romney if the presidential election were held now rather than in November, a five point gain since February.

Quinnipiac pollster Peter Brown says Obama's political fortunes appear to be improving along with the domestic economy.

"There seems to be a sense in the country that the economy is getting better.   We see a larger percentage of voters telling us that the economy is in recovery than we have.   A smaller percentage say that the United States is in a recession than we have recorded previously.  So there is a little bit more economic optimism.   It's not gigantic but it has made a difference," Brown said.

The White House is making increasing use of Vice President Joe Biden to underscore arguments that Americans would be better off re-electing President Obama in November than a Republican.

Biden increasingly aims his remarks directly at Romney and Santorum.  He spoke Wednesday in Davenport, Iowa as he highlighted what he called the return of the U.S. manufacturing sector.

"One thing that could bring this [economic] momentum to a screeching halt is turning over the keys to the White House to a Santorum or a Romney," Biden said.

The chairman of the Republican National Committee, Reince Priebus, dismissed Biden's remarks, saying Americans are not impressed after "three years of failed policies."

Media files:
AP_Josh_Earnest_rec.jpg (image/jpeg, 0 MB)
AP_Josh_Earnest_sq.jpg
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VOA News: Africa: UNAMID, World's Largest Peacekeeping Mission, Faces Cuts

VOA News: Africa
Africa Voice of America
UNAMID, World's Largest Peacekeeping Mission, Faces Cuts
Mar 28th 2012, 23:11

The United Nations and the African Union are reducing the size of their hybrid peacekeeping mission in Darfur, known as UNAMID. Conditions in the western Sudanese region are said to be improving, even as tensions flare along the Sudan/South Sudan border.

Sudan, the African Union and the United Nations Wednesday agreed to reduce the UNAMID force. With its authorized force of 28,000, the Darfur mission is currently the largest peacekeeping operation in the world.

It was not immediately clear how large the cutback will be. Officials say that decision will be made by the UN Security Council over the next few weeks.

AU Political Commissioner Julia Dolly Joiner said the cuts reflect   improved security conditions that are prompting Darfur's refugees and internally displaced people to return home.

"There has been significant progress in the peace process in Darfur, which is evident in an increase in voluntary returns of IDPs and refugees back to their places of origin," said Joiner.

UN peacekeeping chief Herve Ladsous noted a marked decrease in the organized violence that raged in Darfur from the outbreak of civil war in 2003 through early 2005. But he said rising crime rates in the region had increased the need for a new type of force capable of rapid reaction.

"Certainly there is an increase in common criminality and that is a threat to the safety of civilians, which is one of the main concerns, but much less organized violence, and we have to account of this new situation and we will do that by making it so that UNAMID will be made more agile, more responsive, more mobile," said Ladsous.

Ladsous said the force reduction would be accomplished over an 18 month period.

News of the improvement in Darfur came as officials from Sudan and South Sudan are due to meet in Addis Ababa to avert an all out war following days of airstrikes and border clashes. The African Union  expressed deep concern Wednesday at what it called an "escalating security situation" along the border, and called on both sides to pull back 10 kilometers from the disputed frontier.

US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton this week said the Khartoum government bore the brunt of the responsibility for the renewed hostilities.

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VOA News: Middle East: Gazans Face Despair as Economic Crisis Worsens

VOA News: Middle East
Middle East Voice of America
Gazans Face Despair as Economic Crisis Worsens
Mar 28th 2012, 22:39

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Gazans are reeling economically from a drop in foreign aid and a blockade by an Israeli government that views the Hamas leadership in Gaza as a terrorist organization.

During shopping day in Beach Camp, Gaza, market goods are available, but there are few shoppers.

Anwar al-Hadad says this is because people have no money. "In the market, prices are not too high right now. But life is difficult. There are no salaries, or only a few have salaries. Most people are sitting at home and really suffering because of the lack of money," al-Hadad said.

Life has always been hard in Gaza, home to 1.1 million Palestinian refugees and their descendants -- the legacy of a war that led to Israel's formation in 1948. The unemployment rate is 35 percent and three out of every four refugees depend on foreign assistance.

The U.N. Relief and Works Agency gives the neediest refugees $11 every three months and some flour and cooking oil. The agency suspended the distributions at the start of this year due to a lack of funds,

But the European Union has agreed to support the program until June. U.N. spokesman Adnan Abu Hasna says such programs are vital to maintain peace and stability in the territory.

"We are keeping people moderate here by telling them that 'You are not forgotten by the international community. The international community cares about you,'" Hasna said,

Palestinians living in the West Bank face similar economic hardships, due partly to the governing Palestinian Authority's massive budget deficit.

A U.N. report this month blames the deficit on a decline in donor support because the global economic downturn and opposition to the Palestinian bid for full membership in the United Nations.

Analyst Sami Abdel-Shafi says Palestinians are suffering because of politics, the stalled peace talks with Israel and their own internal conflicts.

"Palestinians in Gaza are pressured. The post-government [Hamas] in Gaza is pressured because it is boycotted. The Palestinian Authority in the West Bank is also pressured because it has gone through a very professional process of institution building and towards the end of this it is facing financial trouble," Abdel-Shafi said.

Many Palestinians believe that resolving the conflicts would boost people's morale, says U.N. spokesman Adnan Abu Hasna.

"Peace in Gaza will give the people hope but here in Gaza today there is no tomorrow. No hope. There is no tomorrow. You cannot talk about what will happen after five minutes here in Gaza," Hasna said.

And as Gazans see no way out, their despair is mounting.

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VOA News: Asia: Indonesian Tempers Flare Over Plan to Call Miniskirts Porn

VOA News: Asia
Asia Voice of America
Indonesian Tempers Flare Over Plan to Call Miniskirts Porn
Mar 28th 2012, 22:36
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VOA News: USA: Amid Library-Wide Digitization, Books Keep Foothold

VOA News: USA
USA Voice of America
Amid Library-Wide Digitization, Books Keep Foothold
Mar 28th 2012, 22:43

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As libraries around the world transition from hardbound books to digital files, at California State University, Northridge, a massive infrastructure keeps things running.

Behind the scenes, 13,000 book bins are stacked 12 meters high in an automated system that can retrieve a book in seconds.

With more than one million books and a quarter-million periodical volumes housed at this suburban Los Angeles campus, catalogs are already digitized and students download readings for class. But the library is also home to thousands of rare books and documents.

"I would say that probably 90 percent of the journals that we subscribe to now come in electronic format," says Mark Stover, dean of the library, explaining that print treasures - such as an 18th-century travelogue - are here to stay. "With books and monographs on the other hand, it's a little bit different story."

Although their facility is changing, Northridge librarians say, their printed books should be around for a long time. In fact, most of the library's book holdings and new acquisitions are in paper form.

Some students like it that way.

"I like the computer as well, but I prefer book and paper," says biology major Lisa Ochoa.

The library's collection includes printed archive material, such as handwritten letters and old newspaper stories, but a major effort is under way to digitize the holdings to preserve them and widen their availability.

According to digital librarian Steve Kutay, encoding electronic files with descriptive "metadata" ensures they will remain accessible.

"They can be backed up and they can be stored off-site," he says. "They can be very well protected, but are not necessarily meaningful to us if we don't know - 10, 20 years from now - what is contained in those files."

Helen Heinrich, chief of technical services, oversees cataloging of new books and periodicals, and removing books that have already been converted to digital format. Many universities, she says, are cooperating to ensure hard copies remain in storage in case of an emergency.

"We are all becoming so dependent on the Internet," she says. "But what if there is a cyber-attack and it all goes down one day? there will be a copy of record."

Dean Stover says that although going digital gives libraries extra room and the opportunity to redesign their physical layout, it's not a complete conversion. For books, the process is gradual, and he says many digital files remain unavailable because the authors or their heirs retain copyrights and won't release them for electronic distribution.

"We are going to weed our collections. We are going to reshape them and use the space to repurpose into more learning places for our students," says Stover. "But I think that print books, especially because of copyright issues, are going to maintain their place for many years to come."

Fortunately, he adds, most students are comfortable with either format.

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VOA News: Asia: Another Tibetan Monk Dies in Self-Immolation

VOA News: Asia
Asia Voice of America
Another Tibetan Monk Dies in Self-Immolation
Mar 28th 2012, 21:38

Another Tibetan monk has died after setting himself on fire in an anti-China protest, a day after some U.S. senators approved a resolution saying they mourn the Tibetans who have died in such self-immolations.

VOA's Tibetan service reports a 20-year-old monk named Lobsang Sherab set himself on fire Wednesday in the main street of Cha township in southwestern China's Sichuan province. The report says armed police and other security forces forcibly removed the body and imposed a security clampdown on the township.

Sherab was a member of the Kirti monastery, where anti-China sentiment runs high. Some 300 Chinese officials are reported stationed at the monastery, and security is high throughout the area.

Wednesday's death was the 20th in the past year among Tibetan monks, nuns, and supporters protesting Chinese policy in the Tibetan region. At least 10 others have set themselves on fire without dying in the attempt.

China routinely refers to the protesters as trained "terrorists" and accuses the Dalai Lama of orchestrating the protests from his exile home in northern India.  Beijing also argues it has provided substantial funding to upgrade Tibetan infrastructure and improve living conditions in Tibetan regions.

On Wednesday, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei responded to the U.S. Senate resolution, saying some U.S. Senators "confused right and wrong" in approving it in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.  The U.S. resolution says the committee deplores "the repressive policies targeting Tibetans" and urges Beijing to "resume a dialogue with Tibetan Buddhist leaders, including  (Tibetan exiled spiritual leader) the Dalai Lama."

The Chinese spokesman said Beijing remains "committed to protecting both the legitimate rights of people of all nationalities and their freedom of religious belief."  Hong also repeated accusations that "some" U.S. lawmakers are using Tibet-related issues to interfere in China's internal affairs.

The Tibet resolution does not carry the weight of law and does not provide penalties for non-compliance.  But it urges U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to seek a full accounting from Beijing on its ongoing crackdown, particularly at the flashpoint Kirti monastery.

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VOA News: USA: US Lawmakers Urge Arming Syrian Government Opposition

VOA News: USA
USA Voice of America
US Lawmakers Urge Arming Syrian Government Opposition
Mar 28th 2012, 21:10

U.S. lawmakers are urging a more active U.S. role to topple Syria's dictatorship, including arming opponents of President Bashar al-Assad.

Republican Senator John McCain said the United States must not remain on the sidelines while thousands of Syrian civilians are killed.

"How many [Syrians] have to die before the United States will take a leadership role in trying to end the mass slaughter that is taking place in Syria?"

McCain and five other senators introduced a congressional resolution decrying bloodshed in Syria and urging the United States to help create safe havens for civilians and to arm opponents of the Assad government. Joining McCain was independent Senator Joe Lieberman, who derided suggestions that President Assad's downfall is inevitable.

"Everyone was saying, 'Well, Assad is going to go. It is just a matter of time.' Well, we are all going to go, one day. Right now I would say, based on the disproportionate availability of weapons and the willingness of the Assad regime to use them against the Syrian people, Assad will go of natural causes before he is eliminated from office," said Lieberman.

The senators spoke following reports of new assaults by Syrian troops against rebel strongholds, and one day after Syria accepted an international peace plan that includes a ceasefire, and dialogue between the government and rebel forces. Republican Senator Lindsey Graham noted the plan does not specify Assad's departure from power.

"This whole idea of trying to engage the Assad regime with a ceasefire agreement that allows him to stay should be offensive to every Syrian who has been raped, murdered, slaughtered, and family members who have been abused. And it should be offensive to the free world as a whole. There is nothing to negotiate, but [except] this guy leaving," said Graham.

Senators stressed the resolution does not call for the deployment of U.S. troops in Syria, nor does it authorize the use of military force. While urging the Obama administration to work with other governments to boost the ability of members of the Syrian opposition to defend themselves, the resolution does not specify how the goal should be met. This is by design, said Republican Senator Jon Kyl.

"The president [Barack Obama] has a certain amount of leeway and authority here, and we respect that. But we hope that by urging him to take these actions and by putting the Senate on the record to back him up, he will have the support he thinks he needs to do this."

McCain noted that supplying arms to fighters in faraway lands is something the United States has done successfully in the past.

"We somehow managed to get weapons to the Afghan resistance in the Afghan war against Russia [in the 1980s]. We somehow were able to get weapons to the Libyans [last year]. I am sure there are ways that weapons can be gotten to the Syrian resistance," said McCain.

If passed by Congress, the resolution would not force the Obama administration to take any specific steps. Rather, it would express the will of the legislature and affirm congressional backing for any future actions. Administration officials have said Assad's days are numbered, and he must leave power, but his downfall may not be imminent and that events in a post-Assad Syria are difficult to predict.

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VOA News: Americas: Chavez Health Uncertain for Upcoming Venezuelan Presidential Election

VOA News: Americas
Americas Voice of America
Chavez Health Uncertain for Upcoming Venezuelan Presidential Election
Mar 28th 2012, 21:09

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Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez is battling what is believed to be an aggressive cancer, but he has vowed to continue running for a third term in office.  The election is set for October 7.  Chavez has endured two surgeries since being diagnosed last year and traveled to Cuba again last week for a series of radiation treatments.

As Hugo Chavez arrived in Cuba for a third round of cancer treatment, his health has become the main factor in his re-election effort.  

Michael Shifter is president of the Inter-American Dialogue in Washington.

"f we have learned anything from Chavez over 13 years, it is that we shouldn't rule him out," said Shifter.

Political analysts believe this could be his toughest election.  Chavez is accused of mismanaging Venezuela's oil wealth and devastating the rest of the economy with his firebrand left-wing politics.  Many of the business elite have left the country.  

But Chavez has won strong support among Venezuela's poor by using oil revenue to boost social programs.  Again, Michael Shifter:

"Chavez, despite the dismal results and terrible governance, still has a powerful and emotional connection with a lot of Venezuelans," he said. "Many Venezuelans, poor Venezuelans especially, think, believe, that he cares about them.  And he is trying to do the best he can."

Chavez faces his toughest opponent yet in Henrique Capriles, who vows to continue the social programs that  Chavez started while moving the country toward a more market-oriented economy.

But many believe the outcome of the election will hinge on the president's health.  Some question why he has refused to step aside while undergoing cancer treatment.  He has never disclosed the details of his illness.

Political psychologist and psychiatrist Jerrold Post says Chavez is the quintessential narcissist who can't come to terms with his mortality.

"He has increasingly come to see himself as the very essence of Venezuela," said Post. "Just as Castro is Cuba, Cuba, Castro.  Chavez is Venezuela, Venezuela is Chavez in his mind.  And it is inconceivable to have a Venezuela without him at its head."

Dr. Post says Venezuela is entering a dangerous period.  He believes Chavez has imposed his timetable on the nation and wants to secure his legacy in both Venezuelan and Latin American history.

"Were his opponent to be moving ahead in the polls, I think it is quite possible he could take violent action against his opponent," he said. "But what I think is most important, and I can't predict exactly how he will act, is that this is a man under immense stress."

Chavez' current round of radiation therapy is expected to take 4 to 5 weeks.  He has refused to relinquish any authority to his subordinates and will travel back and forth to Cuba for treatment.

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VOA News: Middle East: US Lawmakers Urge Arming Syrian Government Opposition

VOA News: Middle East
Middle East Voice of America
US Lawmakers Urge Arming Syrian Government Opposition
Mar 28th 2012, 21:10

U.S. lawmakers are urging a more active U.S. role to topple Syria's dictatorship, including arming opponents of President Bashar al-Assad.

Republican Senator John McCain said the United States must not remain on the sidelines while thousands of Syrian civilians are killed.

"How many [Syrians] have to die before the United States will take a leadership role in trying to end the mass slaughter that is taking place in Syria?"

McCain and five other senators introduced a congressional resolution decrying bloodshed in Syria and urging the United States to help create safe havens for civilians and to arm opponents of the Assad government. Joining McCain was independent Senator Joe Lieberman, who derided suggestions that President Assad's downfall is inevitable.

"Everyone was saying, 'Well, Assad is going to go. It is just a matter of time.' Well, we are all going to go, one day. Right now I would say, based on the disproportionate availability of weapons and the willingness of the Assad regime to use them against the Syrian people, Assad will go of natural causes before he is eliminated from office," said Lieberman.

The senators spoke following reports of new assaults by Syrian troops against rebel strongholds, and one day after Syria accepted an international peace plan that includes a ceasefire, and dialogue between the government and rebel forces. Republican Senator Lindsey Graham noted the plan does not specify Assad's departure from power.

"This whole idea of trying to engage the Assad regime with a ceasefire agreement that allows him to stay should be offensive to every Syrian who has been raped, murdered, slaughtered, and family members who have been abused. And it should be offensive to the free world as a whole. There is nothing to negotiate, but [except] this guy leaving," said Graham.

Senators stressed the resolution does not call for the deployment of U.S. troops in Syria, nor does it authorize the use of military force. While urging the Obama administration to work with other governments to boost the ability of members of the Syrian opposition to defend themselves, the resolution does not specify how the goal should be met. This is by design, said Republican Senator Jon Kyl.

"The president [Barack Obama] has a certain amount of leeway and authority here, and we respect that. But we hope that by urging him to take these actions and by putting the Senate on the record to back him up, he will have the support he thinks he needs to do this."

McCain noted that supplying arms to fighters in faraway lands is something the United States has done successfully in the past.

"We somehow managed to get weapons to the Afghan resistance in the Afghan war against Russia [in the 1980s]. We somehow were able to get weapons to the Libyans [last year]. I am sure there are ways that weapons can be gotten to the Syrian resistance," said McCain.

If passed by Congress, the resolution would not force the Obama administration to take any specific steps. Rather, it would express the will of the legislature and affirm congressional backing for any future actions. Administration officials have said Assad's days are numbered, and he must leave power, but his downfall may not be imminent and that events in a post-Assad Syria are difficult to predict.

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VOA News: Middle East: Arab Summit Marks Milestones for Syria, Iraq, Arab League

VOA News: Middle East
Middle East Voice of America
Arab Summit Marks Milestones for Syria, Iraq, Arab League
Mar 28th 2012, 21:11

Arab League leaders are meeting in Baghdad this week, with efforts to end the violence in Syria high on their agenda. The summit marks important milestones in the Syria crisis, Iraq's emergence from seven years of war, and a remarkable evolution in the Arab League itself.

As Arab leaders were gathering, amateur video continued to come out of Syria showing fresh government shelling of opposition strongholds. Stopping the violence in Syria is a key agenda item for the summit.

Syrian President Bashar al-Assad has agreed to the U.N.-Arab League envoy's peace plan, which calls for an immediate ceasefire.

With the government crackdown on the Syrian opposition continuing, however, Western officials and experts suspect a delaying tactic rather than a sincere change of policy. And they don't expect the Arab League meeting to make much difference. Syria will not attend the summit since it has been expelled from the League, and says it will reject any new initiatives the meeting produces.
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Possible fallout of leadership change

Speaking via Skype, Anthony Skinner, director of Middle East analysis at the Maplecroft risk assessment firm, said the change of League chairmanship from Qatar to Iraq could possibly be a setback for efforts to force Assad to back down.

"Qatar was previously chairing the Arab League. It was in a position of authority. But now, of course, this leadership role has transferred to Iraq. And from the perspective of Bashar al-Assad this is arguably a good thing. Al-Maliki, the prime minister of Iraq, has taken a much softer approach," said Skinner.

Still, the Arab League's effort to play a major role in the Syria conflict reflects its new position in the wake of the Arab revolutions, and the arrival of its new secretary general Nabil al-Araby.  

New energy pervades Arab League

At London's Center for Arab and Iranian Studies, director Alireza Nourizadeh said the League has been revitalized by the past year's events.

"Some of these Arab governments, by themselves, they don't enjoy such respect and support in the international community. But the Arab League is not just talking for the governments. They are representing 'the people,' as they call it now. And it will be dealt with more seriously," said Nourizadeh.

Iraqi leaders also are hoping the world will see their country differently after this summit, especially Sunni leaders in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere - some of whom are boycotting the summit because of suspicions about largely Shiite Iraq's ties to Iran.

"They look at this summit as a way of coming back to the Arab World. So it is an important factor in the future of Iraq," said Nourizadeh.

The Arab League summit has many dimensions - including Iraq's re-emergence as a regional player, the League's new activism and its efforts to end the violence in Syria. But analysts say significant movement on any of those fronts will be difficult to achieve.

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VOA News: Asia: US Suspends Food Assistance to North Korea

VOA News: Asia
Asia Voice of America
US Suspends Food Assistance to North Korea
Mar 28th 2012, 20:21

The United States says it has suspended a food aid package to North Korea in response to Pyongyang's plans to carry out a missile launch next month. While the North says its plan to hurl the satellite into space is peaceful, the U.S. and other countries say the launch could help it further its ballistic missile technology.

Peter Lavoy, the acting assistant secretary of defense for Asia and Pacific security affairs, told a congressional hearing the U.S. is working together with allies in the region to try and discourage the North from going ahead with the launch because it would violate Pyongyang's international commitments. He says that failure of North Korea to follow through on what it has promised raises concerns about the nutritional assistance the U.S. has offered as well.

"We have been forced to suspend our activities to provide nutritional assistance to North Korea largely because we have now no confidence that the monitoring mechanisms to ensure that the food assistance goes to the starving people and not the regime elite," Lavoy said.

Late last month, North Korea announced it would temporarily suspend nuclear tests, long-range ballistic missile launches and other nuclear activities. In return, Washington, pledged to provide the North with 240,000 metric tons of nutritional assistance.

The aid package was expected to target the most needy in North Korea - including malnourished young children and pregnant women.

U.S. food aid to the North had been suspended since Pyongyang expelled U.S. food monitors in 2009 after U.S. officials voiced concerns about food distribution.

For now, Pyongyang is resisting calls to cancel the launch, and Lavoy says that violates last month's deal.

"When we recently reached this deal, this did prohibit North Korean missile launches, and we indicated at the time that a satellite missile launch we would interpret as a missile launch because it would use missile technology," Lavoy said,

In addition to the military applications of the launch, there are other concerns as well, Lavoy adds.

"The North Koreans have indicated that they will launch the missile in a southward direction. And I don't know if we have any confidence on the stability of the missile or where the actual impact will be. A number of countries are potentially affected. This could fall on, the debris could fall on their countries. It could cause casualties," Lavoy said.

The U.S. and South Korea say North Korea's two previous launches failed to put satellites into orbit, but Pyongyang insists it succeeded with its last launch in 2009.

Speaking through its state media on Wednesday, North Korea says the satellite launch is intended to estimate crop production and analyze the country's natural resources.

The official KCNA report also quotes an unnamed space program official as saying the North would show the peaceful nature of the satellite by inviting experts and journalists to witness its launch.

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VOA News: Europe: Russia's Upper House Approves Political Reforms

VOA News: Europe
Europe Voice of America
Russia's Upper House Approves Political Reforms
Mar 28th 2012, 21:00

Russia's upper house of parliament has approved a bill that will simplify the procedure to register new political parties, part of a series of reforms promised by President Dmitry Medvedev aimed at diversifying the country's political system.

The Federation Council passed legislation Wednesday that reduces the minimum number of members required for registration from 40,000 to 500 people.

The reformed law includes other amendments that make it easier to register a party and is expected to open a floodgate to the rise of new political parties.

The measure is meant to appease the opposition, which has staged massive protests in the past few months against a system long dominated by president-elect Vladimir Putin's United Russia and a handful of other parties.

It will give opposition parties a chance to establish themselves in local and regional elections later this year and challenge the ruling party. However, some analysts say a proliferation of parties may prevent a strong opposition party from emerging.

The bill will come into effect after President Medvedev signs it, which he is expected to do next week.

Some information for this report was provided by Reuters.

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