Monday, May 7, 2012

VOA News: Africa: Nigeria Group Denies Shielding Muslim Terrorists

VOA News: Africa
Africa Voice of America
Nigeria Group Denies Shielding Muslim Terrorists
May 8th 2012, 02:09

A prominent member of Nigeria's Supreme Council for Sharia (SCS) has dismissed as wrongly misplaced accusations that some elders in the north have been protecting Muslim terrorists.

Sheikh Isa Ali Pantami, the SCS deputy Secretary General, said his group has suggested to President Goodluck Jonathan's administration several ways to resolve the country's security crisis.

He says the government, itself, is to blame for the country's worsening security challenges. "It's because of injustice by the federal government -- including some state governments perpetrated -- it is as a result of that [that] we are witnessing what is happening today," said Pantami.

"Wherever you do injustice, that injustice could definitely invite atrocity to your community. So if we want to tackle that problem, let us not just criticize northern Muslims or northern elders. Let us look critically, [at] what the federal government has done and at the same time what some state governments have done."

Over the weekend, the Northern States Christians Elders' Forum, NOSCEF, accused some northern Muslim elders of shielding Muslim terrorists and those who sponsor them. The group also called for the country to be restructured into six regions as a way of maintaining Nigeria's unity.

Sheikh Pantami said the accusations are without merit.

"Most of our state governments including the federal government are not sincere... They will always tell you they are ready to solve this problem, but if you look at their actions critically, you will see it's different from what they say."

Some Muslim youths reacted angrily to the accusations leveled against their elders. They said many Muslims have died as a result of the ongoing violence perpetrated by the Boko Haram Islamic sect.

Pantami said it is erroneous for northern Muslim elders to be singled out for criticism.

"Most of [their members] are faceless people. In some situations, some people that are being arrested today committing atrocities in the northern part of Nigeria, some of them are not even Muslims," said Pantami.

He said the Supreme Council for Sharia was the first group to initiate dialogue between the government and Boko Haram to find ways of ending the security crisis.

"Throughout the situation, it was the only genuine dialogue when we started intervening through our [leadership]…in fact we instantly witnessed [the] lack of sincerity from the federal government," said Pantami.

Pantami outlined what he described as steps to resolving the security challenges.

"Try to get some sincere and some respectable elders in the north…try to understand the injustice you committed as a government. Try to understand the people you oppressed as a government, identify all their grievances. Those that are genuine, try to see that you pay them back. Those that are not genuine try to tell them that you cannot do that."

Human Rights Watch says Boko Haram has been responsible for more than 1,000 deaths over the past three years, mostly in the north. The group claims it is fighting to impose Islamic law in Nigeria and does not recognize the country's constitution.

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VOA News: USA: US, China to Cooperate More Against Cyber Threats

VOA News: USA
USA Voice of America
US, China to Cooperate More Against Cyber Threats
May 8th 2012, 01:50

American and Chinese defense officials on Monday expressed a willingness to work together to address the growing threat of cyber attacks.  

There is growing concern among U.S. officials, lawmakers and cyber security experts that America's defense, business and economic interests are increasingly threatened by foreign cyber attacks.  And often, China is cited as the source of these intrusions.

But that is something visiting Chinese Defense Minister Liang Guanglie denied during a press conference at the Pentagon.

Liang, a general in the People's Liberation Army, said that there is no evidence directly linking cyber attacks in the United States to China.  He said that in his talks with U.S. Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta, the secretary agreed that all of the attacks could not be attributed to China.

Liang said that during their talks Monday, he and Panetta discussed ways to strengthen cyber security, but added that they would leave the details of that effort for experts to work out.

President Barack Obama has cited cyber security as one of the most serious economic and national security challenges facing the United States.  Defense Secretary Leon Panetta says Sino-American cooperation is crucial.

"Because the United States and China have developed technological capabilities in this arena, it's extremely important that we work together to develop ways to avoid any miscalculation or misperception that could lead to crisis in this area," said Panetta.

During high-level talks last week in Beijing, cyber security was among the major issues discussed by civilian and military leaders.  Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said that during the annual Strategic and Economic Dialogue, the United States expressed its growing concern about the threat cyber intrusions pose to economic and national security across the world.  She stressed the need for the world's two biggest cyber actors - the United States and China - to have a sustained, meaningful dialogue on cyberspace and to develop a shared understanding of acceptable norms of behavior.

But the push for cooperation and the fact that not all cyber attacks originate in China do not mean that Washington is unconcerned about the role Beijing plays in such intrusions.  Last year, a report issued by U.S. intelligence agencies listed Chinese actors in cyberspace as the most active and persistent perpetrators of economic espionage.  Russia's intelligence services were also cited for using cyberspace to collect economic information and acquire U.S. technology.

The report said that although private U.S. firms and cyber security specialists have reported a massive number of intrusions that originated in China, it is difficult to determine who is ultimately responsible.

Beijing says it is the biggest victim of cyber attacks, noting that last year some 47,000 foreign Internet addresses were involved in attacks on nearly nine million computers in China.

In addition to cyber threats, the two defense officials discussed a range of other issues, including North Korea's nuclear program, U.S. arms sales to Taiwan and territorial disputes in the South China Sea.   

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VOA News: Asia: US, China to Cooperate More Against Cyber Threats

VOA News: Asia
Asia Voice of America
US, China to Cooperate More Against Cyber Threats
May 8th 2012, 01:50

American and Chinese defense officials on Monday expressed a willingness to work together to address the growing threat of cyber attacks.  

There is growing concern among U.S. officials, lawmakers and cyber security experts that America's defense, business and economic interests are increasingly threatened by foreign cyber attacks.  And often, China is cited as the source of these intrusions.

But that is something visiting Chinese Defense Minister Liang Guanglie denied during a press conference at the Pentagon.

Liang, a general in the People's Liberation Army, said that there is no evidence directly linking cyber attacks in the United States to China.  He said that in his talks with U.S. Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta, the secretary agreed that all of the attacks could not be attributed to China.

Liang said that during their talks Monday, he and Panetta discussed ways to strengthen cyber security, but added that they would leave the details of that effort for experts to work out.

President Barack Obama has cited cyber security as one of the most serious economic and national security challenges facing the United States.  Defense Secretary Leon Panetta says Sino-American cooperation is crucial.

"Because the United States and China have developed technological capabilities in this arena, it's extremely important that we work together to develop ways to avoid any miscalculation or misperception that could lead to crisis in this area," said Panetta.

During high-level talks last week in Beijing, cyber security was among the major issues discussed by civilian and military leaders.  Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said that during the annual Strategic and Economic Dialogue, the United States expressed its growing concern about the threat cyber intrusions pose to economic and national security across the world.  She stressed the need for the world's two biggest cyber actors - the United States and China - to have a sustained, meaningful dialogue on cyberspace and to develop a shared understanding of acceptable norms of behavior.

But the push for cooperation and the fact that not all cyber attacks originate in China do not mean that Washington is unconcerned about the role Beijing plays in such intrusions.  Last year, a report issued by U.S. intelligence agencies listed Chinese actors in cyberspace as the most active and persistent perpetrators of economic espionage.  Russia's intelligence services were also cited for using cyberspace to collect economic information and acquire U.S. technology.

The report said that although private U.S. firms and cyber security specialists have reported a massive number of intrusions that originated in China, it is difficult to determine who is ultimately responsible.

Beijing says it is the biggest victim of cyber attacks, noting that last year some 47,000 foreign Internet addresses were involved in attacks on nearly nine million computers in China.

In addition to cyber threats, the two defense officials discussed a range of other issues, including North Korea's nuclear program, U.S. arms sales to Taiwan and territorial disputes in the South China Sea.   

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VOA News: Europe: Analysts Debate Whether Hollande Can Fix French Economy

VOA News: Europe
Europe Voice of America
Analysts Debate Whether Hollande Can Fix French Economy
May 8th 2012, 00:23

World leaders on Monday congratulated Socialist Francois Hollande on his victory in France's presidential election that saw yet another European leader voted out of office amid an ongoing financial crisis.  But, European financial markets remain volatile, reflecting uncertainty about France's next leader and his economic prescriptions for the country.

As the victory celebrations wind down, France next president, Francois Hollande, faces many challenges.

Addressing thousands of supporters after defeating conservative President Nicolas Sarkozy on Sunday,  Hollande promised justice, equality and a better future for French youth.

Hollande says he wants to raise taxes on the rich and invest more in education, and that he wants Europe to promote growth and not austerity measures to turn around the financial crisis.

But many people question whether the 57-year-old socialist is up to the job.  Hollande has been in politics for years.  But he is an untested leader in troubled economic times.  France's national debt and unemployment are soaring.  And the country's economy is barely growing.

Political analyst Bruno Cautres:

"No one knows exactly the capacity of Francois Hollande to face huge economic problems, to handle the job to be the French president," said Cautres.

But Cautres says Hollande surprised many people during the presidential campaign by sounding increasingly presidential and capable of handling tough issues.

"Francois Hollande presented himself as a normal guy - the one who can calm down all of the anguish of the French population over the economic crisis, with this changing world which is making the French population so [fearful] that eventually we are going to lose the social protection, that we are going to lose the social security that we are very attached to," he said.

On the streets to Paris, Hollande supporters like 24-year-old student Luiza Taiati are overjoyed by their candidate's victory.

Taiati says French leftists have been waiting for 20 years for a Socialist Party president.  Under Sarkozy, she says there has been economic uncertainty, with people having a difficult time making ends meet.

But 33-year-old businessman Juan Pablo Vargas is worried about the future.

"I'm very preoccupied on France and on Europe, especially because we're not sure Germany will continue to finance everything, if Hollande changes all the finances of France," said Vargas. "I'm afraid [that France] might get isolated against Germany.  And if that happens, well, it can be a collapse of the European Union, which would not be good for anybody."

Hollande says he wants to alter a fiscal discipline agreement between 25 of the 27 European Union countries - including financial powerhouse Germany.  After his inauguration next week [May 15],  Hollande is expected to meet with Germany Chancellor Angela Merkel, who is a strong supporter of budget discipline.

Economist Tomasz Michalski of France's HEC business school says Hollande's call for growth is resonating in other European countries, as popular protests mount against economic austerity measures.

"Mr. Hollande is a very smart guy," said Michalski. "He's very precise in his language.  He doesn't want to renegotiate the fiscal compact; he wants to modify and complete it by a growth pact.  And this is where he and Mrs. Merkel can meet."

But Michalski says the Socialist leader is making big promises for France and Europe - promises he might not be able to keep at a time when economic growth forecasts are bleak.

"Mr. Hollande cannot spend himself out of a recession," he said. "He cannot spend more money; he cannot print more money.  The problem with his policies is that in the short run, he may be able to restore budget balance.  But I don't see how on Earth he's going to stimulate long-term growth for France."

In many ways, Michalski says,  Hollande's political fortunes will not depend on his policies, but on external events.  If the global economy recovers, France's president-elect might be able to deliver on his promises.  If not, Michalski says,  Hollande might meet the same political fate as outgoing President Nicolas Sarkozy.   

Media files:
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VOA News: USA: US Foils al-Qaida Airliner Bomb Plot

VOA News: USA
USA Voice of America
US Foils al-Qaida Airliner Bomb Plot
May 7th 2012, 22:09

The United States has broken up an al-Qaida plot to place a bomb aboard a U.S.-bound airliner.  

A Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) statement said close cooperation with overseas security and intelligence partners enabled the thwarting of the plot, which involved an improvised explosive device (IED).

Media reports quoted U.S. intelligence officials as saying the plot involved a re-design of the so-called underwear device used by a Nigerian man in a failed attempt to blow up a U.S. jetliner in Detroit on Christmas in 2009.

The FBI said the agency is conducting technical and forensics analysis, adding that initial tests indicated it was very similar to IEDs used previously by al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) to target aircraft and in assassinations.  

The statement said the device never presented a threat to public safety and the U.S. is working with international partners to address what it called concerns associated with the device.

A National Security Council statement said President Barack Obama was first informed about the plot in April by his counter-terrorism adviser, John Brennan, and has received regular updates and briefings.

NSC spokesperson Caitlin Hayden said while Mr. Obama was assured the device did not pose a threat to the public, he directed the Department of Homeland Security and law enforcement and intelligence agencies to take whatever steps necessary to guard against this type of attack.

The statement said disruption of "this IED plot underscores the necessity of remaining vigilant against terrorism here and abroad."

At the Pentagon, Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta made this brief statement during a news conference with the visiting Chinese defense minister. "What this incident makes clear is that this country has to continue to remain vigilant against those who would seek to attack this country, and we will do everything necessary to keep America safe," he said.

In the days before the first anniversary of the killing of Osama bin-Laden, the White House and government agencies issued a statement saying there was no knowledge of specific al-Qaida plots against the United States.

In a speech last month in Washington, counter-terrorism adviser Brennan said al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula continues to be the most active al-Qaida affiliate and continues to seek the opportunity to strike the United States.

The U.S. has stepped up drone operations in Yemen.  A missile strike there on Saturday killed a senior al-Qaida leader, Fahd al-Quso, who was wanted for the bombing of a U.S. warship in Aden nearly 12 years ago.

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VOA News: Arts and Entertainment: 'Up All Night' Melds Country With Modern Rock Edge

VOA News: Arts and Entertainment
Arts and Entertainment Voice of America
'Up All Night' Melds Country With Modern Rock Edge
May 7th 2012, 22:49

Kip Moore's debut album melds traditional Country with a modern rock edge and Moore's unique sound is distinguishing him as one of Country music's most popular newcomers.

"Up All Night," has brought the Georgia native praise from many music critics.

Country Music Television's website writer Chet Flippo said, "I have to say I have not heard a more compelling and appealing new singer-songwriter-performer since Jamey Johnson came along.  His vocals are urgent and gritty, the gifted voice of a true storyteller working at full throttle."

Journalist and historian Robert K. Oermann, who writes for 'Music Row' magazine, said, "For years, I have been searching for the missing link between blue-collar rock and country music.  This year, I think I have heard it. His name is Kip Moore.  There is fiery, urgent intensity in his voice.  His lyrics vibrate with conviction and true grit.  The melodies have gripping, heart-in-throat passion.  And the roaring, propulsive performances on his debut album sound like signposts on the highway to some Southern-fried 'Born to Run.'  Dare I say it?  This man just might be the hillbilly Springsteen."

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Moore wrote or co-wrote each of the 11 tracks on "Up All Night."  The common theme covers many of his own coming-of-age experiences.  

"I want to create a loyal fan base.  I think through all the years of writing this, I feel like it's a very honest record," he said.  "It's not all 'songwritery' where it's said all kind of crazy ways.  I wanted to speak on the record just like you would in conversation, how you would really say it to somebody.  For me, those are the records that I gravitated to when I was young - the Jackson Brownes, the [Bob] Segers and the [Bruce] Springsteens that were so good at making you feel something.  That's the main thing.  I want to make people really emotionally connected to this record, which in turn will create a loyal fan base, I think."

Music wasn't Moore's first passion.  He first attended an Alabama college on a basketball scholarship.  Following that was another scholarship to play golf for a university in his home state of Georgia.  But, he says music was always in the back of his mind.

After spending several months living with friends in Hawaii, Moore headed to Nashville in 2004.  Soon after arriving in Music City, producer Brett James signed him to a publishing deal, which led to a recording contract with MCA Records.

The label released the track "Somethin' 'Bout A Truck" as the lead single from "Up All Night."  Moore says it's one of the most autobiographical songs on the album.

"That song was my teenage life growing up.  It was hanging out on the back of truck beds and fishing holes and big fields," he said.  "In South Georgia there's not a whole lot going on and you kind of make your own fun.  That's what that song is.  For me it happened to be borrowing my dad's Silverado when I was about 16.  This girl that I was trying to get the attention of didn't really seem to pay too much attention to me when I had this little Isuzu car that got passed down to me with about 400,000 miles on it.  But, when I took that truck out, it was like I picked up a whole other woman.  So I learned that there was something about a truck at an early age."

"Somethin' 'Bout A Truck" was recently certified gold for sales of 500,000 copies.  Its video has attracted more than six million views on YouTube.

Media files:
Kip_Moore_300.jpg (image/jpeg, 0.1 MB)
morningstar_Kip_Moore_02mar12-32b.mp3 (audio/mpeg)
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VOA News: Middle East: US Foils al-Qaida Airliner Bomb Plot

VOA News: Middle East
Middle East Voice of America
US Foils al-Qaida Airliner Bomb Plot
May 7th 2012, 22:09

U.S. officials say they have stopped an al-Qaida bomb plot intended to destroy an airliner heading for the United States.

Authorities in Washington say the al-Qaida branch in Yemen intended to put a suicide bomber aboard a U.S.-bound jet and have him detonate explosives hidden in his underwear.

They say the plot was detected and the bomb was seized before any plane was at risk.

The White House National Security Council said in a statement Monday that U.S. President Barack Obama was first informed about the plot in April and has received regular updates about the situation. It said the president was assured that the device did not pose a threat to the public.

One account from The Associated Press says the would-be attackers were planning to execute the plot last week to mark the one-year anniversary of the U.S. raid that killed Osama bin Laden.

Officials say the bomb was a redesign of a explosive that was used to try to blow up an airplane bound for Detroit from Amsterdam in 2009. A Nigerian man tried to detonate a bomb hidden in his underwear on the Christmas Day flight.

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VOA News: USA: Death of US College Band Member Spotlights Hazing

VOA News: USA
USA Voice of America
Death of US College Band Member Spotlights Hazing
May 7th 2012, 21:25

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Eleven people face criminal charges in the southeastern U.S. state of Florida in connection with the death of a university marching band leader - allegedly assaulted by other band members after a football game last year. Two others are charged with misdemeanors. The case centers on what's known as "hazing," an initiation ritual that often involves physical and psychological abuse.

The Florida A&M University marching band is among the best in the country. Its highly regarded reputation, however, is now badly tarnished amid allegations of a widespread hazing scandal.

"No one could have expected that his college experience would include being pummeled to death," said Florida State Attorney Lawson Lamar. He said that at least 13 students brutally beat drum major Robert Champion in a hazing ritual on a bus last year. Investigators believe Champion was forced to walk through a gauntlet of fists.

"I have come to believe that hazing is a term for bullying. It's bullying with a tradition, a tradition that we cannot bare in America," said Lamar.

Sociologists say hazing has long been a problem in marching bands - particularly at Florida A&M and other historically black colleges in the south. Psychologist Susan Limpkins says hazing takes on many forms.

"They do paddling, they do branding, they do eating broken glass," she said.

Analysts say hundreds of thousands of students are hazed every year, and sometime it goes too far.

"It is accepted. It's now becoming a part of a tradition and the question is, 'do you maintain this tradition, knowing that psychologically they may be harming individuals that aren't going to come forward?'" said Social Worker Julie Berg-Einhorn.

Hazing is seen in many different types of social groups, including sports teams, military units, and among college fraternities and sororities. The practice is often prohibited by law and can comprise either physical or psychological abuse.

"Hazing is the idea of belonging to a sub-group, either professionally or socially and sometimes ethnically, people that have the same values as you do," said University of Florida Sociology Professor Frederick Shenkman.

The often secretive and sometimes violent practice is a growing problem on high school and college campuses. But Robert Champion's death stunned the nation and exposed hazing traditions among marching bands at some colleges. Longtime Florida A&M band director Julian White, who was fired, said he tried to stop the hazing.

"I talked with students daily and said don't haze, don't haze," said White.

But some students say it was tolerated.

"Everybody on campus is pretty much aware of it. I mean, you don't say much about it, because it's a secret. It's within that organization," said one student.

Popular university marching bands can generate millions of dollars for a school. And band members, especially at black colleges, often are treated like celebrities. Robert Champion's mother says hazing rituals have been a part of the marching band's culture for decades.

"Everyone that was involved, the administrators they knew this culture existed in the school," said Pam Champion,

Florida A&M officials have suspended the band and they say the university is working vigorously to eradicate hazing.

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VOA News: Asia: Chinese Activist Chen Guangcheng: 'Thugs' Beat Nephew

VOA News: Asia
Asia Voice of America
Chinese Activist Chen Guangcheng: 'Thugs' Beat Nephew
May 7th 2012, 21:39

Blind Chinese activist Chen Guangcheng has expressed concern for his nephew Chen Kegui, telling Voice of America that "thugs with wooden sticks" went to his house and beat him.

Speaking to VOA Monday, he called for the media and public to take note of his nephew's situation, calling it an "extremely unjust case."  

The town chief and other officials reportedly went to Chen Kegui's house in Shandong on April 27 to look for Chen Guangcheng, who had fled house arrest.  

Chen Guangcheng said his nephew and others were beaten "ruthlessly" and that Chen Kegui fought back to defend himself, as is allowed under Chinese law.  The nephew reportedly was detained.

Yinan County Detention Center's deputy political commissioner, Li Zhongsheng, told VOA he had not heard anything about the case.

Chen Guangcheng was given a four-year prison sentence in 2006 for exposing abuses under China's forced abortion policy aimed at population control.  He had been under house arrest since 2010, before fleeing on April 22 to the U.S. embassy, where he remained for several days.

The self-taught legal activist agreed to depart the embassy under a deal reached by U.S. and Chinese authorities that would have allowed him to stay in a safe place in China and study law.  But he changed his mind hours after leaving the embassy, saying his family had been threatened, and said he had decided to go to the United States.

China said Monday the United States should "take necessary measures" to prevent a repeat of events like the case of Chen Guangcheng.

The activist, who has been blind since birth, is at a Beijing hospital recovering from injuries sustained in his escape two weeks ago.

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VOA News: Middle East: UN Secretary-General: Syrian Bloodshed Unacceptable and Intolerable

VOA News: Middle East
Middle East Voice of America
UN Secretary-General: Syrian Bloodshed Unacceptable and Intolerable
May 7th 2012, 21:07

U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said Monday that the 14-months of violence in Syria that has claimed more than 9,000 lives is an unacceptable and intolerable situation.  Mr. Ban made the remarks during an appearance in Washington.

Ban called the conflict in Syria the most serious and gravest concern of the international community.  

The secretary-general said his priority is to fully deploy a mission of 300 unarmed U.N. monitors for a ceasefire that so far has failed to end the bloodshed. "The cessation of violence must stop by all the parties - government, the military forces or opposition forces.  This should be stopped.  Then political dialog must begin in an inclusive way for a political resolution reflecting the genuine aspirations of the Syrian people," he said.

There are about 60 U.N. monitors in Syria.  Ban said about 300 personnel will be deployed by the end of this month.  He added that the United Nations is mobilizing humanitarian efforts to help those displaced by the fighting. "At least 1 million in Syria have been displaced and affected.  Tens of thousands of people have fled to neighboring countries," he said.

The U.N. Secretary-General said the League of Arab States is playing a crucial role and that it, along with the U.N. Security Council, is united in trying to deploy a monitoring mission to Syria.

Ban attended the forum at the Center for Strategic and International Studies to report on the U.N.'s peace building efforts.  

He said $100 million were spent last year to help keep war torn societies from sliding back into conflict. "Our peacekeeping missions are often important early peace builders, as we saw in Sierra Leone, still we see in Liberia and hope to see in Southern Sudan, where our peacekeeping mission probably has the most ambitious peace building mandate ever adopted by the Security Council," he said.

Ban said including women in peace processes and post-conflict planning is crucial to achieve positive results.

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VOA News: Economy: Oil Prices Ease, But Airlines Still Worried

VOA News: Economy
Economy Voice of America
Oil Prices Ease, But Airlines Still Worried
May 7th 2012, 21:11

Oil prices fell in recent days after soaring earlier this year.  Worries about adequate oil supplies are outweighed by news that European voters have spoken out against austerity measures, some economies have fallen back into recession and key emerging nations are growing more slowly.  But high energy costs have already brought drastic changes in one global industry, and could still push it from profit back into loss.

Jet fuel prices were about one-seventh of the expenses for a typical airline a decade ago - consuming less of the budget than pay for pilots and other workers.  

But International Air Transport Association spokesman Perry Flint says that has changed drastically and fuel costs now exceed salaries

"Today, jet fuel is the largest expense.  On an industry-wide basis, we calculate that it represents about 34 percent of an airline's operating expenses," Flint said.

Experts at the airline trade group say high fuel costs have already caused them to cut forecasts for the industry's expected annual profit by $500 million to just $3 billion.

Profits could fall further if a political or military conflict causes crude oil prices to rise sharply and hit $150 a barrel.  Flint says that could push the whole industry into significant losses.  

So, what will happen to oil prices over the next few months?

"That is really difficult to know, and if I knew what it was going to do, I would be the wealthiest woman on the planet," said Rayola Dougher, a senior economic adviser for the American Petroleum Institute, which represents oil companies.

She says prices rose because of worries that unrest could hurt production in nations that export oil, cutting world supply.  

"We are into a great deal of uncertainty moving forward especially with instability in the Middle East, we don't know how that is going to play out.  We don't know what will happen with the sanctions with Iran," Dougher said.

Recently, demand and prices are down because some major economies are growing more slowly or even shrinking.

Dougher says demand may be cut further as high U.S. gasoline prices prompt Americans to conserve fuel by getting smaller cars and driving less.  She says these changes are likely to happen should U.S. prices go above $1.05 a liter and stay there.

The nationwide average price was within a few cents of that level just weeks ago, but has fallen recently.  

She says lower oil prices can help economic growth, by freeing up money for business and consumers to spend, and driving up demand for goods and services.

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VOA News: Africa: Thousands of Congolese Enter Rwanda to Flee Fighting

VOA News: Africa
Africa Voice of America
Thousands of Congolese Enter Rwanda to Flee Fighting
May 7th 2012, 19:06

More than 6,000 Congolese refugees have crossed into Rwanda in the last 10 days, fleeing fighting between the army and mutineers.

Mukakarimba, a wife and mother of two, walked for more than three days through the volatile North Kivu region of the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo before she finally reached the Rwandan border.  She cries as she explains her ordeal.

She says war has broken out in Congo and the fighting forced her and her family to flee into the forest.  She says that, in the chaos, she lost her husband and her daughter. She does not know what became of them.  

The recent influx of refuges into Rwanda from neighboring Congo, began 10 days ago following clashes between the Congolese army and former soldiers loyal to Bosco Ntaganda, a militia leader wanted by the International Criminal Court for alleged war crimes.

The flow of refugees crossing Rwanda's La Corniche border post in Gisenyi has since continued, with a slow but steady trickle of new arrivals crossing into the country at all hours.

Some refugees are working with officials to build additional shelters at Rwanda's Nkamira Transit Center, 22 kilometers from the border with the DRC.  The center is operating at more than double its current capacity.  Anouck Bronee is the external relations officer for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Rwanda.

"The capacity of Nkamira Transit center is 5,000, when all the shelters are fully operational," said Bronee. "Currently we are working on rehabilitating 19 shelters and building another 13 to boost the capacity of the center.  In partnership with the Ministry of Disaster Management and Refugee Affairs and other UN partners such as UNICEF, World Food Program, WHO, UNFPA, UNDP, we're working together to try and increase the capacity of the center."

Although much of the focus on the current crisis has been directed towards the hunt for Bosco Ntaganda, Rwanda Foreign Affairs Minister Louise Mushikiwabo says attention should be directed towards the larger issues facing the region.

"One individual is not worth the lives of so many Congolese," said Mushikiwabo. "That's really a very important point.  So as much as it's sexy and there's a campaign and all of that, let's think about the ordinary Congolese citizens. They deserve peace and they deserve to be cared for like anybody else."  

The conflict began last week, after hundreds of Ntaganda loyalists deserted the army.  The loyalists defected because President Joseph Kabila said Ntaganda should be arrested, though the president specified the warlord should be tried in Congo, not handed over to the ICC.

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VOA News: Africa: World Economic Forum on Africa Goes Social

VOA News: Africa
Africa Voice of America
World Economic Forum on Africa Goes Social
May 7th 2012, 16:31

"Shaping Africa's Transformation" is the theme of the World Economic Forum on Africa, being held this week in the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa.

Some 700 leaders from all walks of life are attending this African edition of forum. The big names include Kofi Annan, the only sub-Saharan African to hold the post of U.N. secretary-general, and the leaders of South Africa, Rwanda, Nigeria, Tanzania, Gambia, Gabon, and host Ethiopia.

The economic forum's Africa director, Elsie Kanza, said in a traditionally male-dominated continent, the number of female participants is showing encouraging signs of growth.

"Out of the total number of 700, over 500 will be business leaders, and we will have some good gender mix in there," said Kanza. "We are expecting at least 20 percent of them to be women, and this is an improvement.  And, we hope to see these numbers increase even further going forward."

This year's forum is giving a nod to the rising importance of social media.  The public is being given an opportunity to join the conversation by submitting comments online.

People are being asked what change they want to see in Africa by 2013, said Kanza. "By paying attention to what has happened in the world, in the past year, we have seen a strong interest and pressure from citizens to be listened to.  They do not feel their political leaders are paying enough attention to their needs, their interests and priorities. So we decided to launch a social media campaign and to ask Africans what are their expectations from their leaders.  And, then feed that to our participants during the meeting and then say, 'This is what Africans would like to see happen,'" Kanza said.

Kanza said forum participants, including heads of state, will be available to record video responses to questions asked online through a social media corner on the forum's website.

It will also be possible to follow the meetings online through Livestream, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter or podcast.

Media files:
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VOA News: Europe: Tymoshenko's Daughter Meets German Minister

VOA News: Europe
Europe Voice of America
Tymoshenko's Daughter Meets German Minister
May 7th 2012, 17:02

The daughter of imprisoned former Ukrainian prime minister Yulia Tymoshenko is in Germany, in a bid to increase pressure on the Ukrainian leadership to release her mother for medical treatment.

Yevgenia Tymoshenko was due to meet in Berlin Monday with Justice Minister Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger to discuss her mother's case and the rule of law in Ukraine.

Yulia Tymoshenko has been on a hunger strike for about two weeks after she said she was beaten by guards. She needs medical treatment for a back condition diagnosed by German doctors who say it cannot be treated in Ukraine. Ukraine has refused to allow her to go to Germany for treatment, but have agreed to allow a German doctor treat her at a Ukranian hospital this week.

Germany has been leading Europe's critical stance on the Tymoshenko case. Last week, German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwell threatened to block a political and trade deal between Ukraine and the European Union if the jailed opposition leader is not given adequate health care.

Ukraine could also face a boycott of the upcoming Euro 2012 football games being played there.

Ukraine and Poland are co-hosting the football championship games, from June 8 until July 1.

Also last week, Czech President Vaclav Klaus and German President Joachim Gauck both announced they will not attend a Yalta summit of Central European heads of state scheduled for later this week.

Yulia Tymoshenko was sentenced to seven years in prison last year on charges of abuse of office in a 2009 gas deal with Russia.  She is now standing trial on tax evasion charges that could extend her prison time to 12 years.  Tymoshenko denies the charges and says they are part of a campaign by President Viktor Yanukovich to remove his strongest political rival.  

Western nations call the charges politically motivated.

Some information for this report was provided by AP, AFP and Reuters.

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VOA News: Europe: Monitors Give Armenian Election Mixed Marks

VOA News: Europe
Europe Voice of America
Monitors Give Armenian Election Mixed Marks
May 7th 2012, 16:33

International monitors have praised Sunday's elections in Armenia as competitive and peaceful, but criticized violations they say undermined the vote, including pressure on voters and an inadequate complaints process.

The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe said Monday that Armenia deserves recognition for its electoral reforms and its open and peaceful campaign. But OSCE observers said the sound legal framework under which the vote was held was marred by irregularities where stakeholders failed to comply with the law and election commissions failed to enforce it.

Results released Monday show Armenian President Serzh Sarkisyan's ruling party won a majority of seats in Sunday's parliamentary elections.

Armenia's Central Election Commission said Sarkisyan's Republican Party took 44 percent of the vote, with former coalition partner, the Prosperous Armenia party, coming in second with 30 percent.

The opposition Armenian National Congress, led by former president Levon Ter-Petrosian, finished a distant third.

The parliamentary campaigns centered on unemployment, poverty and Armenia's long-running disputes with neighbors Turkey and Azerbaijan.

A disputed presidential poll in 2008 sparked deadly clashes between police and protesters.

Some information for this report was provided by AP, AFP and Reuters.

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