Thursday, April 19, 2012

VOA News: Asia: Analysts: North Korea Situation Seen Spiraling Toward Nuclear Test

VOA News: Asia
Asia Voice of America
Analysts: North Korea Situation Seen Spiraling Toward Nuclear Test
Apr 20th 2012, 01:30

North Korea's decision last week to press ahead with a missile launch, despite international warnings, is raising tensions once again in the region.  Just months after becoming the country's new leader, Kim Jong Un faces a choice to either continue testing the will of the international community or take a different path.

Massive celebrations Sunday in North Korea's capital, Pyongyang, marked the birthday of the reclusive country's founder, Kim Il Sung, and the beginning of a new rule under Kim Jong Un.

For now, the young Kim appears to be moving in lock step with his late father, Kim Jong Il.  And after last week's missile launch there is growing concern a nuclear test could be next.

"We have seen this pattern in the past, where they have a missile launch, the rest of the world has responded and rather than to compromise or to negotiate, the North has taken another provocative action and in several instances, in two instances the provocative action has been an attempt at a nuclear test," said former CIA Director Michael Hayden.

Hayden says some believe the untested new leader's actions may be an attempt to show his strength.  But others say the missile launch -- just weeks after an announced agreement not to carry out such tests and to stop nuclear development in return for food aid -- may have been inevitable.

"Both the missile test and the food aid from the United States were set in motion by Kim Jong Un's father, Kim Jong Il, and that Kim Jong Un is not yet quite strong enough in his own position to have turned off either since they were both started by his father," Hayden said.

The United Nations has condemned the launch, and warned of further consequences if Pyongyang carries out another launch or a nuclear test.

The situation appears to be slipping back into a cycle of what analysts say typically leads to more provocations from the North -- in the hope it can get more concessions during nuclear-development negotiations.

But Victor Cha, who was White House Asian Affairs director during the George W. Bush administration, says the U.S is unlikely to show more patience with North Korea. "I think that they are just going to focus on sanctions, and counter proliferation and military exercising, essentially a containment strategy is where they are headed.  Certainly at least for the remainder of this administration," Cha said.

With upcoming elections in the United States and South Korea, and a leadership change about to occur in China, analysts say domestic issues in those countries will have a higher priority than North Korea.

"In today's political environment I think it is very hard for any administration or any of the parties involved to really try something different. To try to break out of this sort of downward spiral that we've fallen into," Cha said.

Analysts say it is clear there is little optimism for the situation to improve soon, especially in a year the North has aims to become a nuclear state.

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VOA News: Africa: Zimbabwe's Finance Minister Pleads for Outside Help

VOA News: Africa
Africa Voice of America
Zimbabwe's Finance Minister Pleads for Outside Help
Apr 20th 2012, 00:48

Zimbabwe's finance minister, Tendai Biti, says his country has a mixed record in terms of economic policies during a three-year power-sharing unity government. He also warns there has been no progress in terms of preparing better elections, which in the past have been marred by widespread violence and fraud.

At the Atlantic Council think tank Thursday, Zimbabwe's finance minister, Tendai Biti, pleaded for outside help, both in terms of improving electoral conditions before it is too late, and in helping Zimbabwe's economy.

Economic successes he outlined included dropping the Zimbabwean dollar as the official currency, which helped tame massive hyperinflation, and removing previous government restrictions such as price controls.

"The biggest thing which we did was to restore trust in the market, because we have been predictable, we have been consistent, and I have said if there is anyone who is going to push me to carry out a measure that I do not agree with, if anyone is going to force me to retain the Zimbabwean dollar, I will quit and go back to my law firm," Biti said.

A current power struggle concerns so-called indigenization policies, pushed forward by Zimbabwe's black empowerment ministry.  

Black Empowerment Minister Saviour Kasukuwere, from President Robert Mugabe's ZANU-PF party, said earlier this month the government had taken majority ownership of all foreign-owned mining companies. But his claim was immediately disputed by Mugabe's political rival, Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai.

The prime minister is the head of the Movement for Democratic Change, of which Biti is the secretary-general.

Biti said that while he understood the aim of indigenization and what he called "resource nationalism," in order to give citizens sustainable access to the wealth of their country, he called its implementation in Zimbabwe a "disaster."

"You are just transferring shares from a few rich, white people, to a few rich, black people so it is not democratization. It is just elite transfer. So it was not well thought out. And the true due process is not sufficiently being followed, so I think it is a program that we need to go back to the drawing board and then say genuinely how can we empower people," Biti said.

He listed other challenges including massive debt, very little foreign direct investment and much lower diamond-mining revenues than the government was expecting.

In terms of politics, Biti warned that if the current opportunity for successful elections is not met, any economic progress Zimbabwe has made could be erased.

Elections are expected by next year, but 88-year-old President Mugabe, in power for more than three decades and once again a candidate, has said he wants to hold them as soon as possible.

Biti had harsh words for President Mugabe.

"If you have a party that is placing its hopes in somebody who is 88 years old, I think there is something wrong with that. If you are 88 years, you belong to a people's home, you belong to a wheelchair. To place the fate of a country to an 88-year-old, with great respect, I am not a member of ZANU-PF, but with great respect, it is an insult to present generations. We need renewal in Zimbabwe," Biti said.

Mugabe has said he is still leading Zimbabwe to correct wrongs from the brutal colonial past of what was then white-minority rule Rhodesia.

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VOA News: Africa: Genocide Suspect Transferred to Rwanda

VOA News: Africa
Africa Voice of America
Genocide Suspect Transferred to Rwanda
Apr 19th 2012, 23:48

The first ever detainee to be transferred to Rwanda by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) arrived in Kigali Thursday night.  Our reporter was at the airport in Kigali.

Genocide suspect, Jean Uwinkindi, arrived in Kigali in a rainstorm and a crowd of reporters. Uwinkindi was flown from Arusha, Tanzania to Rwanda after judges of the ICTR Appeals Chamber issued a ruling Thursday denying an urgent motion for a stay of his transfer.

The head of Rwanda's Genocide Fugitive tracking Unit, Jean Siboyintore, says the transfer could not have come soon enough.

"This is a good development by the tribunal. It is the first of its kind.  It has been long overdue. But it is a decision that we will count from the day it was pronounced on [the] 28th of June of 2011. So we still welcome this decision because it has a lot of meaning in terms of legal precedent, in terms of legal jurisprudence which other countries will have to refer to," said Siboyintore.

Uwinkindi was a church pastor in Rwanda during the 1994 Genocide which took the lives of at least 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus.  He is accused of leading a group of Hutu extremists looking for Tutsi civilians to murder.  He was arrested in Uganda in June of 2010.  His indictment includes counts of genocide, conspiracy to commit genocide, and extermination as a crime against humanity.

James Arguin is Chief of the Appeals within the Office of the Prosecutor at the ICTR and was at the Kigali Airport when Uwinkindi arrived.  He says the decision to transfer him to Rwanda has already had an affect on extradition cases in other countries.

"I mean if you look at the decisions from the European court of human rights, the courts in Norway, Canada and others and most recently there's the decision in France, all of which cited the ICTR's decisions in Uwinkindi as precedent for extradition cases because, I think the standards of the two, although they're different, what they're looking at under most of those articles are fair trial concerns," said Arguin.

Uwinkindi is expected to make his first appearance in a Rwandan court next week.

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VOA News: Economy: IMF Seeking Additional Funding From Member Nations

VOA News: Economy
Economy Voice of America
IMF Seeking Additional Funding From Member Nations
Apr 19th 2012, 22:40

<!--AV-->

The International Monetary Fund wants its members to pledge an additional $500 billion to help tackle financial problems around the world.  And it's urging its largest shareholder, the United States, to give more.

Despite a slowly improving outlook, the global financial system remains fragile.
The IMF's Christine Lagarde uses a weather analogy to describe the risks.

"We are seeing a light recovery blowing in a spring wind, but we are also seeing some very dark clouds on the horizon," said Lagarde.

To combat future threats, Lagarde is asking finance ministers attending the IMF and World Bank meetings in Washington to pledge additional funds to the global lending institution she heads.
Lagarde says boosting the IMF's resources will help contain the debt crisis in Europe and increase the IMF's lending capacity to economically troubled nations.

"As part of the outcome of this meeting, we expect our firepower to be significantly increased," she said.

The IMF has already collected $320 billion in pledges from member countries, including $60 billion from Japan.

But absent from the new pledges is the IMF's largest shareholder. Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner defends the U.S. position, saying the United States has never shied away from supporting its trading partners in Europe.

"It is a mistake to see this and suggest that the United States is holding back from, and standing apart from, this broad effort," said Geithner. "We have been, as you know, central to the broad effort by the world to help reinforce what Europe is doing, and we are doing it in ways that are more effective for what Europe needs right now."

The United States has set aside $171 billion  in available loans to the IMF but has yet to ratify a 2010 commitment to increase funding by $60 billion.  Agreement could prove difficult in an election year - but given the interconnected nature of the financial system, Lagarde says, if the European economy falters, so would the American recovery.

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VOA News: Middle East: Egyptian Voters Weigh Options in Narrowed Presidential Field

VOA News: Middle East
Middle East Voice of America
Egyptian Voters Weigh Options in Narrowed Presidential Field
Apr 19th 2012, 23:29

Just weeks before Egyptians go to the polls, many voters remain undecided about who should be their first post-revolution president.  Their options have narrowed after three leading candidates were disqualified.

The political scene in Cairo these days often seems as chaotic as the city's traffic.  On a busy downtown street, potential voters voice their concerns about the barring of front-runners from across the political spectrum.

A supporter of the disqualified Islamist candidate Hazem Salah Abu Ismail says the decision means he won't vote for anyone.

<!--IMAGE-LEFT-->

Mohamed Salem says with his Salafist pick gone, he has no plans to go to the polls.  If he does, he adds, it will only be to reject the other candidates.

Salem says the ousting was politically motivated, a sentiment shared by many online and on the street - questioning why Abu Ismail, along with former spy chief Omar Suleiman and Muslim Brotherhood candidate Khairat el-Shater have been disqualified. Theories range from the ruling military council trying to split the Islamist vote, to boosting old guard candidate Amr Moussa.

Not everyone sees dark motives in the electoral judges' decision.

<!--IMAGE-RIGHT-->

Office manager Hala, who gave only her first name, says she trusts the judiciary, one of the few institutions under former President Hosni Mubarak to enjoy a reputation of independence.

She says the judiciary has integrity, and points to what she considers legitimate concerns over the would-be candidates' compliance with candidacy laws.

Political analyst and publisher Hisham Kassem agrees.

"The conspiracy theory is now on everything in Egypt, okay?.  But when you look at the work and the way the election committee is conducting its working procedurally, it's clear there are procedural mistakes that they have brought out and made very clear," he said.

<!--AV-->

The sense of predictability in Egypt, whether it's that the judiciary will act fairly, or higher powers won't, is countered by some sharp shifts in the political landscape.


The Muslim Brotherhood was long admired for its behind-the-scenes charity works and devotion to Islam, and turned that to success in the parliamentary polls. But with the rise came accountability.

<!--IMAGE-LEFT-->

Voter Gamal Ibrahim Mohamed has been disappointed. Mohamed said he supported the Brotherhood during the parliamentary elections, but now their "greed has become apparent."  They just want to seize power for their own interests, he said, adding he will vote for anyone but them.  

With al-Shater out, the Brotherhood is now putting forth their reserve candidate, Mohammed Mursi.

<!--IMAGE-RIGHT-->

Political analyst Kassem believes the electorate will roughly be divided among three candidates: Mursi, whose second-choice status could be offset by the group's devoted following, former Brotherhood member Abdel Moneim Aboul Fattouh, widely respected for his decades of opposition to the former government, and Moussa, who despite being part of the Mubarak team stood out for occasional streaks of independence.

Kassem adds that with the process so new - this is only Egypt's second contested presidential election, and the first that promises to be legitimately so - these general impressions will be key.  

"The regular voter is not even someone who can examine a program or an agenda of a candidate, which really means in the end it is going to boil down to personalities," he said. "And in some cases it is going to be if you hold a successful conference or rally and immediately your votes rise and then followed by another which is not good and it brings down your vote."

Kassem predicts a very unstable next few weeks, and an outcome impossible to forecast.

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VOA News: Asia: Bo Xilai Still Admired Locally in China

VOA News: Asia
Asia Voice of America
Bo Xilai Still Admired Locally in China
Apr 19th 2012, 22:42

Chinese state media are painting former Communist Party leader Bo Xilai as a fallen star, tainted by corruption and an allegedly murderous wife. But in Chonqing, the southwestern megalopolis he governed, the politician was often admired for overseeing impressive economic growth and city improvement projects.

The swift removal of Bo from his post, and his wife's arrest for the alleged murder of a British citizen, have shocked many residents of Chonqing.

"The mood here is bafflement and surprise. The average people on the street tend to love him. People can't stop talking about all the things they've done for the city. He's made the streets safer. He's made it better looking," says VOA's Stephanie Ho, reporting from Chonqing.

Chonqing boasted China's fastest economic growth rate, of 16.5 percent last year. As business development projects have sprung up across the city, low income housing has, too, gaining Bo favor with the poor.

"People in public housing had met him when he toured the complex, and they were still in awe of him because they felt like he connected with them," says Ho, adding that Bo is unusual in China for a charisma more often seen in Western leaders like former U.S. President Bill Clinton.

Despite the respect for Bo's development projects, Ho says there is still widespread trust in the Central government's decision. She reports that many people believe there must be a bigger political battle being fought behind the scenes.

Communist Party Central Committee officials have not detailed what violations Bo may have committed, saying only that he was suspected of involvement in "serious [party] discipline violations."

The state-run China Daily newspaper on Thursday hinted at the charges to come, quoting Liu Lin, the deputy head of the Henan Provincial Corruption Prevention Bureau, as saying Bo's investigation demonstrates the party's "resolution and confidence in fighting corruption."


His alleged graft would not be unusual in China, where officials smuggled about $127 billion out of the country in the two decades leading up to 2008, according to a report released last year by the Central Bank's anti-money laundering bureau.

While allegations of corruption may be met with a shrug by Chinese citizens, murder is still a big deal.

Stephanie Ho says the homicide investigation of Bo's wife Gu Kailai came at an opportune time for the Central government as it moves to distance Bo from its key leadership body ahead of a Party Congress meeting that will choose the country's next generation of leaders.

Kailai, and an orderly in the Bo household, are being held by judicial authorities for suspicion in the November death of Neil Heywood, a British businessman with close ties to Bo's family.

"For the central government to have this murder scandal come up if it is indeed true, is amazingly opportune, because that's something that people can understand is bad," says Ho. "Murder is bad. Whereas corruption is bad but everybody is corrupt here in the leadership. You can't get to the top leadership without being somewhat corrupt."

Kate Woodsome contributed to this report

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VOA News: Africa: US: Sudan and South Sudan Want to Avoid 'All-Out War'

VOA News: Africa
Africa Voice of America
US: Sudan and South Sudan Want to Avoid 'All-Out War'
Apr 19th 2012, 21:40

The United States says Sudan and South Sudan want to find a way to avoid "all-out war," following violence across their border.  The two countries have been unable to resolve disputes over borders, oil and citizenship issues stemming from the south's independence last July.

After talks with officials from both governments, U.S. Special Envoy for Sudan Princeton Lyman says the two sides realize how close they are to a resumption of full-scale war, and how costly that would be.

"In the discussions I have had in both Khartoum and Juba, I can say with confidence that virtually everyone I have talked to has said, 'Look, we don't want to go to all-out war with the other.  We need to find a way out,'" said Lyman.

But Lyman says there remain serious disagreements about what is needed to end the conflict.

"It's not going to be easy," he said. "Emotions are running very, very high.  But I think the bottom line here, the basic line is that both countries are arguing about security."

Months of hostility over oil pipeline and port fees peaked last week when South Sudan fighters took control of the key oil town of Heglig.

Speaking to reporters by telephone from Khartoum, Lyman says South Sudan was surprised by international condemnation of its move because officials in Juba maintain they have always claimed Heglig.  Lyman says that was not apparent in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement that ended 21 years of fighting and led to southern independence.  

"So people did assume, as we did, that there was at least, if not an officially-recognized-by-both-sides border, there was a border which was crossed," he said. "They don't see it that way.  But the point - and they have now acknowledged this - [is] that you don't settle disputed border areas by occupying them."

Before withdrawing from Heglig, Lyman says South Sudan wants assurances that there will be no more attacks by Sudanese-backed militias or Sudanese bombing raids as well as the withdrawal of northern troops from the town of Abyei.

Lyman says Khartoum's patience over the occupation of Heglig appears to be growing thin, with President Omar al-Bashir's vow on Thursday to teach the south "a lesson by force."

Part of the instability along the border is continuing violence in the provinces of Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile, where many people fought alongside the south for independence from Khartoum, but remain part of Sudan.

"Across that border, there has been support for proxies and there is spillover from the Southern Kordofan/Blue Nile wars," said Lyman. "And that is creating a series of clashes and conflicts across the border as each tries to secure its own interests as they see them along that border."

Humanitarian officials say widespread hunger in Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile is worsening.  The African Union, Arab League and United Nations have a joint proposal to allow aid shipments to the region.

Lyman says Khartoum agrees in principle to the plan, and that he is pushing hard to overcome remaining questions about how parts of the proposal would be carried out.

"I am also hoping that with the announcement of a humanitarian program, we will also almost by default get a cessation of hostilities in that area, and that hopefully creates a better atmosphere for peace," he said.

Lyman says international mediators are working with both governments to return to a previously agreed on demilitarized and monitored 20-kilometer buffer zone to settle on a final border between them.

Media files:
Sudan-SouthSudan-caps.png (image/png, 0.1 MB)
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VOA News: Economy: Portuguese Firms Sell Stakes to Angola, Brazil, China Amid Criticism

VOA News: Economy
Economy Voice of America
Portuguese Firms Sell Stakes to Angola, Brazil, China Amid Criticism
Apr 19th 2012, 21:39

While struggling under the weight of its $100 billion bailout, Portugal's state and private companies are selling off bits of themselves to raise money. Portugal's former colonies are doing much of the purchasing. With China also getting involved, there are disagreements over whether the sell-offs are a good idea.

Many centuries ago, Portugal was rich. Explorers like Vasco da Gama sailed up the Tagus river into the port here at Lisbon bringing riches from conquered lands. But nowadays, it is a different story.  

The government has to pay 12 percent interest rates to borrow over 10 years. Wages are falling. The economy is stagnant, and the government is struggling to pay off its debts. Both private companies and government need fresh capital from abroad.
<!--AV-->

Foreign investment in Portugal's state, private companies

This drummer playing to tourists walking along the riverside promenade in Lisbon is not the only Angolan making his presence felt in Portugal's capital. His country is acquiring stakes in banks and energy firms - and has been invited to invest in Portugal's national airline and airport operators.

A Brazilian company is buying the biggest Portuguese cement maker amid some local opposition. The fact that Angola has a poor human-rights record makes some Portuguese uneasy. But that is not the reason Portugal's union confederation international secretary, Augusto Praca, does not like these transactions.

He said the unions are against selling Portuguese companies to international stakeholders, because these Portuguese companies are strategic - not only for economic development - but also because they produce a lot of profit. He said Portugal needs this profit to pay off its debts.

Unease over China's shopping spree

China also is getting in on the act. It has bought stakes in Portugal's main electricity supplier and also the company that runs the power grid. This is controversial. Many Portuguese feel strategic assets should not be sold to China, an undemocratic country with little transparency on human rights.  

A prominent left-wing politician recently accused the government of lacking honor by selling to Beijing. But the former chairman of the Lisbon stock exchange, Miguel de Marques, says Chinese money can be attractive, as illustrated by the recent electricity company deals.

"A Chinese company called Three Gorges made a premium offer, paid the best price, and offered a certain number of other conditions, like keeping the headquarters in Portugal, which is the place where economic value is created. So it was an unbeatable proposition," he said.

There are still some businesses in Portugal that are thriving.  

The foreigners lining up at a famous pastry shop in Lisbon are customers, not shareholders. But the low-earning Portuguese have high debts. They would find it hard to invest in their own companies, even if they wanted to. Portugal is perhaps now past the point of choosing from where it gets badly needed investment.






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VOA News: Europe: Portuguese Firms Sell Stakes to Angola, Brazil, China Amid Criticism

VOA News: Europe
Europe Voice of America
Portuguese Firms Sell Stakes to Angola, Brazil, China Amid Criticism
Apr 19th 2012, 21:39

While struggling under the weight of its $100 billion bailout, Portugal's state and private companies are selling off bits of themselves to raise money. Portugal's former colonies are doing much of the purchasing. With China also getting involved, there are disagreements over whether the sell-offs are a good idea.

Many centuries ago, Portugal was rich. Explorers like Vasco da Gama sailed up the Tagus river into the port here at Lisbon bringing riches from conquered lands. But nowadays, it is a different story.  

The government has to pay 12 percent interest rates to borrow over 10 years. Wages are falling. The economy is stagnant, and the government is struggling to pay off its debts. Both private companies and government need fresh capital from abroad.
<!--AV-->

Foreign investment in Portugal's state, private companies

This drummer playing to tourists walking along the riverside promenade in Lisbon is not the only Angolan making his presence felt in Portugal's capital. His country is acquiring stakes in banks and energy firms - and has been invited to invest in Portugal's national airline and airport operators.

A Brazilian company is buying the biggest Portuguese cement maker amid some local opposition. The fact that Angola has a poor human-rights record makes some Portuguese uneasy. But that is not the reason Portugal's union confederation international secretary, Augusto Praca, does not like these transactions.

He said the unions are against selling Portuguese companies to international stakeholders, because these Portuguese companies are strategic - not only for economic development - but also because they produce a lot of profit. He said Portugal needs this profit to pay off its debts.

Unease over China's shopping spree

China also is getting in on the act. It has bought stakes in Portugal's main electricity supplier and also the company that runs the power grid. This is controversial. Many Portuguese feel strategic assets should not be sold to China, an undemocratic country with little transparency on human rights.  

A prominent left-wing politician recently accused the government of lacking honor by selling to Beijing. But the former chairman of the Lisbon stock exchange, Miguel de Marques, says Chinese money can be attractive, as illustrated by the recent electricity company deals.

"A Chinese company called Three Gorges made a premium offer, paid the best price, and offered a certain number of other conditions, like keeping the headquarters in Portugal, which is the place where economic value is created. So it was an unbeatable proposition," he said.

There are still some businesses in Portugal that are thriving.  

The foreigners lining up at a famous pastry shop in Lisbon are customers, not shareholders. But the low-earning Portuguese have high debts. They would find it hard to invest in their own companies, even if they wanted to. Portugal is perhaps now past the point of choosing from where it gets badly needed investment.






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VOA News: Africa: Egyptian Voters Weigh Options in Narrowed Presidential Field

VOA News: Africa
Africa Voice of America
Egyptian Voters Weigh Options in Narrowed Presidential Field
Apr 19th 2012, 21:21

Just weeks before Egyptians go to the polls, many voters remain undecided about who should be their first post-revolution president.  Their options have narrowed after three leading candidates were disqualified.

The political scene in Cairo these days often seems as chaotic as the city's traffic.  On a busy downtown street, potential voters voice their concerns about the barring of front-runners from across the political spectrum.

A supporter of the disqualified Islamist candidate Hazem Salah Abu Ismail says the decision means he won't vote for anyone.

<!--IMAGE-LEFT-->

Mohamed Salem says with his Salafist pick gone, he has no plans to go to the polls.  If he does, he adds, it will only be to reject the other candidates.

Salem says the ousting was politically motivated, a sentiment shared by many online and on the street - questioning why Abu Ismail, along with former spy chief Omar Suleiman and Muslim Brotherhood candidate Khairat el-Shater have been disqualified. Theories range from the ruling military council trying to split the Islamist vote, to boosting old guard candidate Amr Moussa.

Not everyone sees dark motives in the electoral judges' decision.

<!--IMAGE-RIGHT-->

Office manager Hala, who gave only her first name, says she trusts the judiciary, one of the few institutions under former President Hosni Mubarak to enjoy a reputation of independence.

She says the judiciary has integrity, and points to what she considers legitimate concerns over the would-be candidates' compliance with candidacy laws.

Political analyst and publisher Hisham Kassem agrees.

"The conspiracy theory is now on everything in Egypt, okay?.  But when you look at the work and the way the election committee is conducting its working procedurally, it's clear there are procedural mistakes that they have brought out and made very clear," he said.

<!--AV-->

The sense of predictability in Egypt, whether it's that the judiciary will act fairly, or higher powers won't, is countered by some sharp shifts in the political landscape.


The Muslim Brotherhood was long admired for its behind-the-scenes charity works and devotion to Islam, and turned that to success in the parliamentary polls. But with the rise came accountability.

<!--IMAGE-LEFT-->

Voter Gamal Ibrahim Mohamed has been disappointed. Mohamed said he supported the Brotherhood during the parliamentary elections, but now their "greed has become apparent."  They just want to seize power for their own interests, he said, adding he will vote for anyone but them.  

With al-Shater out, the Brotherhood is now putting forth their reserve candidate, Mohammed Mursi.

<!--IMAGE-RIGHT-->

Political analyst Kassem believes the electorate will roughly be divided among three candidates: Mursi, whose second-choice status could be offset by the group's devoted following, former Brotherhood member Abdel Moneim Aboul Fattouh, widely respected for his decades of opposition to the former government, and Moussa, who despite being part of the Mubarak team stood out for occasional streaks of independence.

Kassem adds that with the process so new - this is only Egypt's second contested presidential election, and the first that promises to be legitimately so - these general impressions will be key.  

"The regular voter is not even someone who can examine a program or an agenda of a candidate, which really means in the end it is going to boil down to personalities," he said. "And in some cases it is going to be if you hold a successful conference or rally and immediately your votes rise and then followed by another which is not good and it brings down your vote."

Kassem predicts a very unstable next few weeks, and an outcome impossible to forecast.

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VOA News: Africa: Kenya's 'Slum Drummers' Make Beautiful Music With Scrapped Objects

VOA News: Africa
Africa Voice of America
Kenya's 'Slum Drummers' Make Beautiful Music With Scrapped Objects
Apr 19th 2012, 20:42

<!--AV-->

In the informal settlement of Dagoretti in Nairobi, Kenya, a 13-member group called "Slum Drummers" builds drums, xylophones, and other musical instruments out of materials from dumpsites and metal scrap yards. They use their music to encourage young people to stay away from drugs and to stay in school.

It's hard to imagine that this instrument, called a kalimba, is actually an old cooking pot, that has been fished out of this place.

But Nairobi's "Slum Drummers" are masters at making beautiful music from less-than-beautiful objects.

Like these tubes that produce a distinctive twanging sound when hit.

"It is called the tubaphone, from the word "tube," because it is made of the tube," said Joel Muiruri, a singer and percussionist with Slum Drummers. "You see, we use the recycled things. The tubes that are normally used in the sewages and everything, we recycle them and use them as a tubaphone. In our group, the tubaphone is like a piano: it gives us the pitch and the notes."

Band members make all their instruments using materials they collect from dumpsites, metal scrap yards, or even their neighbors.  Muiruri says this differentiates Slum Drummers from all other bands and sends a powerful message to the poor.

"You cannot show them that we are buying instruments - how will they be able to buy instruments? We want to show them that, [by using] what you are living with, you can make a difference with that," said Muiruri.

Slum Drummers was formed last year as a community-based organization. Most of the members had several years of musical training from an earlier project.

The group aims to reach out to the youth and others living in Nairobi's teeming informal settlements, or slums, with a message to stay away from drugs and to reject a life of crime.

"We give them the message of hope, and to encourage them, because some street children, some of them have already lost their hope," said Eunice Ruguru, a dancer and drummer with the group.

Band members themselves report experiencing a sense of hope and transformation in their own lives after joining Slum Drummers.

"Me, myself, I was in the street. I had been there for seven years, doing all this stuff, like stealing from people," said singer, dancer, and drummer Henry Kangethe. "I came to see that there is another life. You do not have to steal. You can maybe ask for something, like beg for a coin. Then from there, I thought again. I thought, instead of begging, can I do something? Now, I am not begging.  I am selling you something. I am making something to sell to you."

Slum Drummers plays for a variety of audiences, ranging from street children in informal settlements to international audiences at cultural centers.

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VOA News: USA: US Agencies Probe Secret Service Prostitution Scandal

VOA News: USA
USA Voice of America
US Agencies Probe Secret Service Prostitution Scandal
Apr 19th 2012, 21:25

Top U.S. lawmakers are calling for more firings at the Secret Service, after a prostitution scandal diminished the reputation of the agents who protect the president.  Three people have left the service as a result of the scandal.  It is uncertain whether the events in Colombia will affect President Barack Obama's reelection bid.

Republican Representative Peter King, who is leading an investigation of the scandal, said Thursday he welcomed the previous day's departures and would not be surprised if more followed.  Senator Charles Grassley, the top Republican on the Senate Judiciary Committee, called the departures a positive development.

Eleven Secret Service employees are alleged to have taken prostitutes to their hotel in Cartagena, Colombia last week, when they were setting up security for President Obama's visit to the Summit of the Americas.

Secret Service investigators are in Colombia, looking into the incident.

Jeffrey Robinson, co-author of a book about the inner workings of the Secret Service, says the scandal has tarnished the agency's image.

"Well, tarnished is the right word, and that is why a lot of the agents are really very upset," said Robinson. "I mean, they are furious that these 11 guys would put the agency in this kind of light and deter from a lot of the other agents - all of the other agents - doing their job."

Immediately after the incident was made public last Saturday, President Obama told reporters the alleged behavior of the agents was unacceptable for anyone representing the United States.

"If it turns out that some of the allegations that have been made in the press are confirmed, then, of course, I'll be angry," said President Obama.

The Secret Service employees thought to be involved were not part of the president's protection detail.  About 10 military service members are also suspected to have taken part.

White House Press Secretary Jay Carney this week praised the actions of Secret Service Director Mark Sullivan after the incident.

"The president has confidence in the director of the Secret Service," said Carney. "Director Sullivan acted quickly in response to this incident, and is overseeing an investigation, as we speak, into the matter."

Reaction to the scandal by opposition Republicans has been somewhat muted.  Former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney, President Obama's likely opponent in the November election, said he also has confidence in the agency's director.

Romney said in a radio interview on Wednesday that he would fire the agents involved.

The Secret Service incident comes at the same time that employees of another government agency, the General Services Administration, are accused of spending extravagant amounts of money at a 2010 conference in Las Vegas, Nevada.

The two stories are causing some of the president's political opponents to question the competence promised by the Obama campaign in 2008.

But several experts say they do not expect the Secret Service scandal to cause lasting political harm to President Obama.

Thomas Mann of the Brookings Institution says it would be hard for political opponents to capitalize on the scandal.

"It is unfortunate," said Mann. "It is embarrassing for the Secret Service, but it is hard to imagine any sentient human being linking Obama to it.  And I cannot imagine how an opposing candidate could actually use it against him in the campaign without himself being harmed."

Author Jeffrey Robinson says there is little, if anything, the Obama administration could have done to prevent the agents from engaging with prostitutes.

"Anybody who tries to make this into something more than 11 guys getting drunk and doing what 11 drunk guys do when they have got time on their hands, and go look for hookers and that sort of thing, it is just not fair.  It is wrong," he said.

Robinson predicts that the Secret Service prostitution scandal will probably be forgotten within a year.

Media files:
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VOA News: USA: Space Shuttle Discovery Becomes Museum Exhibit

VOA News: USA
USA Voice of America
Space Shuttle Discovery Becomes Museum Exhibit
Apr 19th 2012, 20:46

More than a year after its last mission, the retired U.S. space shuttle Discovery was officially welcomed into its new home.

The shuttle rolled into the National Air and Space Museum's Udvar-Hazy Center outside Washington Thursday where it will go on permanent display.  Among those on hand for the ceremony was former astronaut and U.S. Senator John Glenn, the first American to orbit the Earth.

The retired shuttle arrived in Washington Tuesday from Kennedy Space Center in Florida, atop a specially outfitted Boeing 747 jumbo jet.  It circled several Washington landmarks to the delight of onlookers before arriving at nearby Dulles Airport.  

Discovery was first launched in 1984 and flew 39 missions, more than any other shuttle in the fleet.  Among its highlights is the deployment of the Hubble Space Telescope in 1990, the first shuttle docking with the International Space Station, and Glenn's return to space in 1998 at the age of 77, making him the oldest human to fly in space.  It also flew the first "Return to Flight" missions after two other shuttles were destroyed in fatal accidents.

Discovery was retired last year, along with its sister shuttles Atlantis and Endeavour.

Endeavour will go on permanent display at a science museum in Los Angeles, while Atlantis will remain at the Kennedy Space Center for display.

Discovery is replacing Enterprise, the first U.S. space shuttle, at the Udvar-Hazy Center.  Enterprise was used as an Earth-bound test vehicle and never flew into space.  It will be moved next week to its new home at the Intrepid Sea, Air and Space Museum in New York City.

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VOA News: USA: Top US Foreign Policy Lawmaker Faces Tough Re-Election Primary

VOA News: USA
USA Voice of America
Top US Foreign Policy Lawmaker Faces Tough Re-Election Primary
Apr 19th 2012, 20:52

A senior U.S. lawmaker and top opposition member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee faces a tough re-election battle. Senator Richard Lugar of Indiana has served in the Senate since 1982, but he has fallen out of favor with a portion of the Republican Party's conservative base and faces stiff competition in a primary election May 8.

Lugar is one of the longest serving lawmakers in the U.S. Senate and a key player in formulating American foreign policy.

He is known for legislation promoting democracy overseas, curbing the spread of weapons of mass destruction and isolating South Africa during the apartheid era.

But this election cycle, that doesn't matter to Indiana voter Eric Krieg. "I don't believe that foreign policy experience really matters.  I don't think that's really on anybody's radar," Krieg said.

Jean Jacobson says Lugar is out of touch with voters like her, and she feels it is time for a change.  "I don't think he is as friendly as he used to be to conservative causes," she said.

Purdue University political science professor James McCann says domestic concerns outweigh Lugar's foreign policy experience.

"Indiana voters are typical of voters across the board in this country when you ask them what the most important issues are, they're going to tell you the economy, they'll tell you about jobs," McCann said.

Eric Krieg agrees. He's an engineer at British Petroleum's Whiting Refinery in northeast Indiana.

"This summer, at this oil refinery, there will be 10,000 people working.  Tradesmen, pipe fitters, everyone making really good wages, making a good living," Kreig said.

Krieg supports Lugar's opponent, Richard Mourdock, a former geologist, because he wants greater energy independence for the U.S.

"This refinery has really become the premiere refinery in North America because of the oil coming from North Dakota now," Krieg said.

Recent polling puts Lugar slightly ahead of Mourdock, but that gap is closing as the May 8th primary election draws near, influenced by conservative Tea Party voters backing Mourdock.

Purdue professor McCann says there is a downside if Lugar loses.

"You'd lose a fair amount of institutional memory in the Senate.  You lose somebody who's been an advocate for arms control; somebody who I think has some genuine bipartisan connections.  In general I think the United States would lose a key spokesperson," McCann said.

With Mitt Romney the likely Republican nominee for president, voter turnout in Indiana is expected to be low, and could influence who wins the primary..

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